Charting the effects of TMS with fMRI: Modulation of cortical recruitment within the distributed network supporting semantic control.
Charting the effects of TMS with fMRI: Modulation of cortical recruitment within the distributed network supporting semantic control.
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用fMRI绘制TMS的效果：在分布式网络中支持语义控制的皮质募集的调节。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.012
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发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Jefferies E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hallam GP;Whitney C;Hymers M;Gouws AD;Jefferies E
语义记忆包括我们对单词和物体的意义的知识，但在任何给定的时间里，这些知识中只有一部分是相关的。因此，需要语义控制过程来集中检索相关信息。语义控制的神经基础的研究已经强烈暗示了左额下回（LIFG），但最近的工作表明，一个更广泛的网络支持语义控制，包括左后中颞回（pMTG），右额下回（RIFG）和前补充运动区（pre-SMA）。在目前的研究中，我们使用重复经颅磁刺激（1赫兹离线TMS）LIFG，随后立即进行功能磁共振成像，检查调制的语义网络。我们比较了刺激对强关联词（狗骨）和弱关联词（狗滩）判断的影响，因为以前的研究发现，主导联系可以在很大程度上自动恢复，LIFG的参与很少，而更远的联系需要更大的控制。即使行为表现保持在TMS的响应，LIFG刺激增加的效果，语义控制需求的pMTG和前SMA，相对于刺激的控制部位（枕极）。这些变化伴随着减少招聘的刺激区（LIFG）和它的右半球同源（RIFG），特别是与低控制要求的强关联。因此，重复TMS到LIFG调制的分布区域的语义判断的贡献在两个不同的方式。离线rTMS用于调制语义控制系统。功能磁共振成像显示刺激后语义控制系统的其他领域的变化。语义检索需要灵活激活由控制过程形成的表征。
Semantic memory comprises our knowledge of the meanings of words and objects but only some of this knowledge is relevant at any given time. Thus, semantic control processes are needed to focus retrieval on relevant information. Research on the neural basis of semantic control has strongly implicated left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) but recent work suggests that a wider network supports semantic control, including left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). In the current study, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1 Hz offline TMS) over LIFG, immediately followed by fMRI, to examine modulation of the semantic network. We compared the effect of stimulation on judgements about strongly-associated words (dog-bone) and weaker associations (dog-beach), since previous studies have found that dominant links can be recovered largely automatically with little engagement of LIFG, while more distant connections require greater control. Even though behavioural performance was maintained in response to TMS, LIFG stimulation increased the effect of semantic control demands in pMTG and pre-SMA, relative to stimulation of a control site (occipital pole). These changes were accompanied by reduced recruitment of both the stimulated region (LIFG) and its right hemisphere homologue (RIFG), particularly for strong associations with low control requirements. Thus repetitive TMS to LIFG modulated the contribution of distributed regions to semantic judgements in two distinct ways. Offline rTMS was used to modulate the semantic control system. fMRI revealed post-stimulation changes in other areas of the semantic control system. Semantic retrieval requires the flexible activation of representations shaped by control processes.
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