Current genetic methodologies in the identification of disaster victims and in forensic analysis.
Current genetic methodologies in the identification of disaster victims and in forensic analysis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13353-011-0068-7
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Witt, Michal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zietkiewicz, Ewa;Witt, Magdalena;Daca, Patrycja;Zebracka-Gala, Jadwiga;Goniewicz, Mariusz;Jarzab, Barbara;Witt, Michal
关键词：
本文介绍了灾害受害者身份识别中的基本问题和现有的分子生物学技术。大规模灾害的环境条件往往导致受害者遗体严重破碎、分解和混杂。在这种情况下，根据受害者的人类学和身体特征进行的传统身份识别往往无法得出结论。这就是为什么DNA分析成为大规模伤亡事件或任何人类遗骸高度破碎和/或退化得无法辨认的法医案件中受害者身份识别的黄金标准。该综述提供了有关DNA分析的遗传材料来源、遗传分析过程中常规使用的遗传标记（STR标记、mtDNA和单核苷酸多态性[SNP]）以及基于DNA的灾害受害者身份识别中使用的基本统计方法的一般信息。还介绍了自动化技术平台，允许同时分析用于遗传鉴定的多种遗传标记（寡核苷酸微阵列技术和下一代测序）。法医和人口数据库包含的信息对人类的变异性，经常用于统计分析，进行了讨论。本次审查的最后一部分是集中在最近的事态发展，提供特别有前途的工具，法医应用（mRNA分析，转录组变异的个人/群体和遗传分析的特定细胞分离的混合物）。
This review presents the basic problems and currently available molecular techniques used for genetic profiling in disaster victim identification (DVI). The environmental conditions of a mass disaster often result in severe fragmentation, decomposition and intermixing of the remains of victims. In such cases, traditional identification based on the anthropological and physical characteristics of the victims is frequently inconclusive. This is the reason why DNA profiling became the gold standard for victim identification in mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) or any forensic cases where human remains are highly fragmented and/or degraded beyond recognition. The review provides general information about the sources of genetic material for DNA profiling, the genetic markers routinely used during genetic profiling (STR markers, mtDNA and single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNP]) and the basic statistical approaches used in DNA-based disaster victim identification. Automated technological platforms that allow the simultaneous analysis of a multitude of genetic markers used in genetic identification (oligonucleotide microarray techniques and next-generation sequencing) are also presented. Forensic and population databases containing information on human variability, routinely used for statistical analyses, are discussed. The final part of this review is focused on recent developments, which offer particularly promising tools for forensic applications (mRNA analysis, transcriptome variation in individuals/populations and genetic profiling of specific cells separated from mixtures).
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Bauer, M;Polzin, S;Patzelt, D
通讯作者：
Patzelt, D
影响因子：
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作者：
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Lutz-Bonengel, S
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Bandelt, HJ;Lahermo, P;Macaulay, V
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Macaulay, V