Conditional punishment is a double-edged sword in promoting cooperation.
Conditional punishment is a double-edged sword in promoting cooperation.
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有条件处罚是促进合作的双刃剑
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-18727-7
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发表时间：
2018-01-11
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Wang L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang F;Chen X;Wang L
在人类社会中，惩罚被广泛认为是一种防止被搭便车者剥削的有效方法。然而，惩罚是有成本的，因此理性的个体不愿意采取惩罚行动，这就导致了二阶搭便车问题。近期的实验研究表明，个体更喜欢有条件的惩罚，并且他们的惩罚决策取决于其他成员的惩罚决策。因此，在这项工作中，我们提出了一个有条件惩罚的理论模型，并研究这种有条件惩罚如何影响公共物品博弈中的合作。考虑到有条件惩罚者只有在无条件惩罚者的数量超过一个阈值数量时才会采取惩罚行动，我们证明这种有条件惩罚在均匀混合群体和结构化群体中对合作的演化都产生了双刃剑的效果。具体来说，当有条件惩罚者相对容易进行惩罚活动（对应较低的阈值）时，与没有有条件惩罚的情况相比，合作能够得到促进。然而，当有条件惩罚者相对难以进行惩罚活动（对应较高的阈值）时，与没有有条件惩罚的情况相比，合作会受到抑制。此外，我们验证了这种双刃剑效应在广泛的模型参数范围内存在，并且在其他不同的惩罚机制中仍然可以观察到。
Punishment is widely recognized as an effective approach for averting from exploitation by free-riders in human society. However, punishment is costly, and thus rational individuals are unwilling to take the punishing action, resulting in the second-order free-rider problem. Recent experimental study evidences that individuals prefer conditional punishment, and their punishing decision depends on other members’ punishing decisions. In this work, we thus propose a theoretical model for conditional punishment and investigate how such conditional punishment influences cooperation in the public goods game. Considering conditional punishers only take the punishing action when the number of unconditional punishers exceeds a threshold number, we demonstrate that such conditional punishment induces the effect of a double-edged sword on the evolution of cooperation both in well-mixed and structured populations. Specifically, when it is relatively easy for conditional punishers to engage in the punishment activity corresponding to a low threshold value, cooperation can be promoted in comparison with the case without conditional punishment. Whereas when it is relatively difficult for conditional punishers to engage in the punishment activity corresponding to a high threshold value, cooperation is inhibited in comparison with the case without conditional punishment. Moreover, we verify that such double-edged sword effect exists in a wide range of model parameters and can be still observed in other different punishment regimes.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0507229103
发表时间：
2006-01-10
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Brandt, H;Hauert, C;Sigmund, K
通讯作者：
Sigmund, K
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Gachter, Simon;Renner, Elke;Sefton, Martin
通讯作者：
Sefton, Martin
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Chen, Xiaojie;Szolnoki, Attila;Perc, Matjaz
通讯作者：
Perc, Matjaz
影响因子：
2
作者：
Hauser, Oliver P.;Traulsen, Arne;Nowak, Martin A.
通讯作者：
Nowak, Martin A.
DOI：
10.1162/biot.2008.3.2.114
发表时间：
2008-03-01
期刊：
Biology Theory
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hauert, Christoph;Traulsen, Arne;Sigmund, Karl
通讯作者：
Sigmund, Karl