Oral breathing in newborn infants.

Oral breathing in newborn infants.
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新生儿用口呼吸。

DOI:
10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80535-7
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发表时间:
1985
期刊:
The Journal of pediatrics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Fanaroff,AA
Fanaroff,AA
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Miller,MJ;Martin,RJ;Carlo,WA;Fouke,JM;Strohl,KP;Fanaroff,AA

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新生儿被认为是专性鼻呼吸者,因此依赖于通畅的鼻气道进行通气。本文对30例1 ~ 3日龄健康足月儿进行了经口呼吸的条件及经口通气对总通气量的贡献的研究。鼻和口腔气流使用两个阻力匹配的呼吸速度计,并连续记录心率tcPo 2,等CO2和睡眠状态。在10例未受干扰睡眠的婴儿中,有3例在主动睡眠和安静睡眠期间(平均持续时间19±25分钟)均观察到自发口鼻呼吸,潮气量分布为70%±12%鼻和30%±12%口。6名婴儿在哭泣后也观察到口鼻呼吸的发作(平均持续时间21±19秒)。在另外20名婴儿中,进行了多次15秒的呼气末鼻塞;其中8名(40%)婴儿在鼻塞后开始并持续经口呼吸。当鼻阻塞引起经口呼吸时,呼吸率、潮气量、心率和tcPo 2没有变化,尽管每分钟通气量从265 ml/min/kg降低到199 ml/min/kg(P<0.05)。这些结果表明,新生儿可以使用口腔气道通气,自发地和响应于完全鼻闭塞。
Newborn infants are considered obligate nasal breathers, hence dependent on a patent nasal airway for ventilation. The conditions under which oral breathing could occur and the contribution of oral ventilation to total ventilation were studied in 30 healthy term infants (aged 1 to 3 days). Nasal and oral airflow were measured using two resistance-matched pneumotachometers, and heart rate tcPo2, et CO2, and sleep state were continuously recorded. In three of 10 infants studied in undisturbed sleep, spontaneous oronasal breathing was noted during both active and quiet sleep (mean duration 19±25 minutes), the distribution of tidal volume being 70%±12% nasal and 30%±12% oral. Episodes of oronasal breathing were also observed after crying in six infants (mean duration 21±19 seconds). In an additional 20 infants, multiple 15-second end-expiratory nasal occlusions were performed; eight (40%) of these infants initiated and sustained oral breathing in response to nasal occlusion. Respiratory rate, tidal volume, heart rate, and tcPo2did not change when oral breathing occurred in response to nasal occlusion, although minute ventilation decreased from 265 to 199 ml/min/kg (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that newborn infants may use the oral airway for ventilation, both spontaneously and in response to complete nasal occlusion.
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