Fitness Consequences of Interspecific Nesting Associations among Cavity-Nesting Birds

Fitness Consequences of Interspecific Nesting Associations among Cavity-Nesting Birds
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空巢鸟类种间筑巢关联的适应性后果

DOI:
10.1086/698873
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
The American Naturalist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Martin, Thomas E.
Martin, Thomas E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mouton, James C.;Martin, Thomas E.

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猎物的种间聚集可能通过降低捕食风险而带来好处,但如果它们增加了对资源的竞争或更容易被捕食者发现,它们也会产生成本。捕食风险和资源可用性的变化可能影响自然界中聚集的发生和适合度效应。然而,缺乏对这种可能性的测试。洞穴筑巢的鸟类提供了一个有趣的测试案例。它们积极争夺资源,巢穴捕食率低,这可能预示着分散,但在19年的研究中,我们发现它们通常通过共享巢穴树来聚集。当白杨更丰富的时候,树木共享更常见,在巢穴捕食风险较高的年份更常见。在共享树上,当巢被捕食的风险高于平均水平时,筑巢成功率更高。最终,聚合(巢树共享)的成本和收益在不同年份有所不同,我们概述了未来研究的假设。
Interspecific aggregations of prey may provide benefits by mitigating predation risk, but they can also create costs if they increase competition for resources or are more easily detectable by predators. Variation in predation risk and resource availability may influence the occurrence and fitness effects of aggregating in nature. Yet tests of such possibilities are lacking. Cavity-nesting birds provide an interesting test case. They compete aggressively for resources and experience low nest predation rates, which might predict dispersion, but across 19 years of study we found that they commonly aggregate by sharing nest trees. Tree sharing was more common when aspen were more abundant and was somewhat more common in years with higher nest predation risk. Nest success was higher in shared trees when nest predation risk was higher than average. Ultimately, the costs and benefits of aggregating (nest tree sharing) varied across years, and we outline hypotheses for future studies.
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