Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease.
Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease.
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DOI：
10.3390/pathogens9100850
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发表时间：
2020-10-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baranwal M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jain S;Khaiboullina SF;Baranwal M
1976年发现的埃博拉病毒属于丝状病毒科，该科还包括马尔堡病毒和洛维乌病毒。它们是负链RNA病毒，迄今已鉴定出六种已知的病毒。埃博拉病毒（EBOV）是扎伊尔埃博拉病毒物种的一个成员，可引起埃博拉病毒病（EVD），这是一种新出现的人畜共患疾病，可导致体内平衡失衡和多器官衰竭。在过去六年中记录了三次埃博拉病毒暴发，造成严重发病率（32,000多例）和死亡率（13,500例死亡）。导致该病毒具有高传染性的潜在因素包括多重进入机制、宿主细胞的易感性、多重免疫逃避机制的使用以及快速的人际传播。EBOV感染导致细胞因子风暴、弥散性血管内凝血、宿主T细胞凋亡以及细胞介导和体液免疫反应。在这篇综述中，简要回顾了EBOV和EVD症状所针对的细胞类型，随后详细介绍了宿主先天和适应性免疫反应，病毒驱动的调节及其共同作用对疾病发病机制的影响。最后，讨论了疫苗和药物开发倡议以及与感染管理有关的挑战。
Ebolaviruses, discovered in 1976, belongs to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Marburg and Lloviu viruses. They are negative-stranded RNA viruses with six known species identified to date. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of Zaire ebolavirus species and can cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), an emerging zoonotic disease that results in homeostatic imbalance and multi-organ failure. There are three EBOV outbreaks documented in the last six years resulting in significant morbidity (>32,000 cases) and mortality (>13,500 deaths). The potential factors contributing to the high infectivity of this virus include multiple entry mechanisms, susceptibility of the host cells, employment of multiple immune evasion mechanisms and rapid person-to-person transmission. EBOV infection leads to cytokine storm, disseminated intravascular coagulation, host T cell apoptosis as well as cell mediated and humoral immune response. In this review, a concise recap of cell types targeted by EBOV and EVD symptoms followed by detailed run-through of host innate and adaptive immune responses, virus-driven regulation and their combined effects contributing to the disease pathogenesis has been presented. At last, the vaccine and drug development initiatives as well as challenges related to the management of infection have been discussed.
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