Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections.
Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.087
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发表时间：
2009-01-22
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Osterhaus AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huisman W;Martina BE;Rimmelzwaan GF;Gruters RA;Osterhaus AD
疫苗引起的病毒感染易感性增强或异常病毒发病机制的例子已被记录为不同病毒科成员的感染。有几种机制是这一现象的基础，其中许多机制仍然知之甚少。一般来说，针对慢病毒感染，特别是针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的疫苗开发很少取得成功。某些实验性慢病毒疫苗甚至被证明是适得其反的：它们使接种疫苗的受试者更容易受到感染，而不是保护他们。对于疫苗诱导的对某些病毒（如猫冠状病毒、登革热病毒和猫免疫缺陷病毒）感染的易感性增强，已经证明抗体依赖性增强（ADE）起重要作用。其他机制可能在没有ADE的情况下或与ADE联合发生。因此，疫苗诱导的增强一直是某些黄病毒、冠状病毒、副腮腺炎和慢病毒疫苗开发的主要障碍。此外，最近在研制抗艾滋病毒疫苗方面的失败，至少在一定程度上可归因于诱导对感染的易感性增强。一方面是诱导保护性免疫，另一方面是诱导增强易感性，两者之间很可能存在微妙的平衡。本文综述了目前已知的疫苗诱导增强病毒感染易感性或异常病毒发病机制的机制。
Examples of vaccine-induced enhancement of susceptibility to virus infection or of aberrant viral pathogenesis have been documented for infections by members of different virus families. Several mechanisms, many of which still are poorly understood, are at the basis of this phenomenon. Vaccine development for lentivirus infections in general, and for HIV/AIDS in particular, has been little successful. Certain experimental lentiviral vaccines even proved to be counterproductive: they rendered vaccinated subjects more susceptible to infection rather than protecting them. For vaccine-induced enhanced susceptibility to infection with certain viruses like feline coronavirus, Dengue virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus, it has been shown that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) plays an important role. Other mechanisms may, either in the absence of or in combination with ADE, be involved. Consequently, vaccine-induced enhancement has been a major stumble block in the development of certain flavi-, corona-, paramyxo-, and lentivirus vaccines. Also recent failures in the development of a vaccine against HIV may at least in part be attributed to induction of enhanced susceptibility to infection. There may well be a delicate balance between the induction of protective immunity on the one hand and the induction of enhanced susceptibility on the other. The present paper reviews the currently known mechanisms of vaccine-induced enhancement of susceptibility to virus infection or of aberrant viral pathogenesis.
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