An ERP investigation of orthographic precision in deaf and hearing readers.
An ERP investigation of orthographic precision in deaf and hearing readers.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107542
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Emmorey K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meade G;Grainger J;Midgley KJ;Holcomb PJ;Emmorey K
语音通常被认为在正字法表征的调整中发挥作用，但聋人读者对口语语音的使用减少是否会降低正字法的准确性尚不清楚。为了研究聋人和听力正常的读者如何准确地编码正字法信息，我们使用了一个掩蔽的转置字母（TL）启动范式。单词目标之前的TL启动形成颠倒两个字母的单词和替换启动，其中相同的两个字母被替换。被操纵的两个字母位于相邻或不相邻的位置，产生四个主要条件：相邻的TL（例如，chikcen-CHICKEN），相邻取代（例如，chidven-CHICKEN），非相邻TL（例如，ckichen-CHICKEN），和非相邻取代（例如，cticfen-CHICKEN）。复制标准的TL启动效应，TL启动前的目标引起较小的幅度负和更快的反应比之前的替代启动整体。这表明字母之间的联系及其在单词中的位置具有一定程度的灵活性。更灵活（即，不太精确的）表征被认为更容易被TL启动激活，导致更大的TL启动效应。然而，TL启动效应的大小在组间几乎相同。此外，ERP效应的时间转移，相邻TL启动效应出现早于非相邻TL启动效应在两组。这些结果表明，语音调谐是不需要代表正字法的信息在一个精确的方式。
Phonology is often assumed to play a role in the tuning of orthographic representations, but it is unknown whether deaf readers’ reduced access to spoken phonology reduces orthographic precision. To index how precisely deaf and hearing readers encode orthographic information, we used a masked transposed-letter (TL) priming paradigm. Word targets were preceded by TL primes formed by reversing two letters in the word and substitution primes in which the same two letters were replaced. The two letters that were manipulated were either in adjacent or non-adjacent positions, yielding four prime conditions: adjacent TL (e.g., chikcen-CHICKEN), adjacent substitution (e.g., chidven- CHICKEN), non-adjacent TL (e.g., ckichen-CHICKEN), and non-adjacent substitution (e.g., cticfen-CHICKEN). Replicating the standard TL priming effects, targets preceded by TL primes elicited smaller amplitude negativities and faster responses than those preceded by substitution primes overall. This indicates some degree of flexibility in the associations between letters and their positions within words. More flexible (i.e., less precise) representations are thought to be more susceptible to activation by TL primes, resulting in larger TL priming effects. However, the size of the TL priming effects was virtually identical between groups. Moreover, the ERP effects were shifted in time such that the adjacent TL priming effect arose earlier than the non-adjacent TL priming effect in both groups. These results suggest that phonological tuning is not required to represent orthographic information in a precise manner.
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