Detection and characterization of fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum) causing wheat blast disease on rain-fed grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zambia.
Detection and characterization of fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum) causing wheat blast disease on rain-fed grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zambia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0238724
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Braun HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tembo B;Mulenga RM;Sichilima S;M'siska KK;Mwale M;Chikoti PC;Singh PK;He X;Pedley KF;Peterson GL;Singh RP;Braun HJ
由稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum, MoT）引起的小麦瘟病是小麦生产的一大威胁，特别是在温暖潮湿的环境中。在赞比亚，2017 - 2018年雨季期间，首次在穆辛加省姆皮卡区试验田和五个农民田间种植的小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）上观察到小麦稻瘟病症状。侵染植株表现出典型的小麦瘟病症状，穗部在短时间内部分或全部变白，穗轴变黑。稻瘟病症状在几乎所有麦穗上的发生率都很高，从50%到100%不等。对患病植物叶片的检查显示，叶上有椭圆形、浅灰色至棕褐色的坏死灶，边缘暗，常伴有其他叶面疾病。采用经典方法和分子方法分离和鉴定病原，并确定检测到的病原的致病性。病原菌形态生物学测定结果显示，米孢杆菌属的分生孢子具有梨状的2隔透明孢子。在赞比亚ZARI用诊断引物（MoT3F/R）对从小麦瘟病菌感染样本中获得的6株分离株进行了初步聚合酶链反应筛选，随后在美国USDA-ARS对2株含有MoT3F/R和C17F/R的分离株进行了分析。两项试验均证实了MoT是赞比亚小麦稻瘟病的致病因子。此外，用WS4和WS5样品的纯培养分离物进行的致病性试验在所有6种接种小麦基因型上都产生了典型的稻瘟病症状。本研究结果表明，在赞比亚种植的雨养小麦中，MoT引起小麦稻瘟病，这是在赞比亚和非洲首次报道MoT。这种病原体（疾病）的洲际移动对小麦生产和贸易产生了严重影响，需要紧急处理。
Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is a threat to wheat production especially in the warmer-humid environments. In Zambia, wheat blast symptoms were observed for the first time on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in experimental plots and five farmers’ fields in Mpika district of Muchinga Province during the 2017–18 rainy season. Infected plants showed the typical wheat blast symptoms with the spike becoming partially or completely bleached with the blackening of the rachis in a short span of time. Incidence of blast symptoms on nearly all wheat heads was high and ranged from 50 to 100%. Examination of diseased plant leaves showed the presence of elliptical, grayish to tan necrotic lesions with dark borders on the leaf often mixed with other foliar diseases. A study was conducted to isolate and identify the causal pathogen(s) using classical and molecular methods and determine the pathogenicity of the detected disease causal agent. Morphobiometrical determination of causal pathogen revealed conidia with characteristic pear shaped 2-septate hyaline spores associated with M. oryzae species. Preliminary polymerase chain reaction screening of six isolates obtained from wheat blast infected samples with diagnostic primers (MoT3F/R) was conducted at ZARI, Zambia, and subsequent analysis of two isolates with MoT3F/R and C17F/R was performed at USDA-ARS, USA. Both experiments confirmed that MoT is the causal agent of wheat blast in Zambia. Further, pathogenicity tests performed with pure culture isolates from samples WS4 and WS5 produced typical blast symptoms on all the six inoculated wheat genotypes. Results of this study indicate that MoT is causing wheat blast in rain-fed wheat grown in Zambia, thus making it the first report of MoT in Zambia and Africa. This inter-continental movement of the pathogen (disease) has serious implication for wheat production and trade that needs to be urgently addressed.
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