Toward improved in vitro models of human cancer.

Toward improved in vitro models of human cancer.
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人类癌症体外模型的改进。

DOI:
10.1063/5.0026857
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Beebe DJ
Beebe DJ
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ayuso JM;Park KY;Virumbrales-Muñoz M;Beebe DJ

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癌症是全世界死亡的主要原因,并且发病率持续增加。尽管经过多年的研究,多种肿瘤(例如胶质母细胞瘤、胰腺癌)在临床上的治疗选择仍然有限。此外,药物开发的损耗率和成本持续增加。这一趋势的部分原因是传统体外工具和动物模型的预测能力较差。此外,多项研究强调传统培养皿中的细胞培养通常无法预测药物敏感性。相反,与人类病理学相比,动物模型在肿瘤生物学方面存在差异,这解释了为什么在动物模型中测试的有前景的疗法在人体测试时常常失败。随着癌症疫苗、免疫疗法和精准医学的出现,患者管理的复杂性不断增加,需要更强大、针对患者的工具来更好地帮助我们了解和治疗人类癌症。干细胞生物学、微流体和细胞培养的进步促进了复杂的生物工程微型器官模型(BMOM)的发展,可以填补这一空白。在本视角中,我们讨论了患者特异性 BMOM 的优点和局限性,以提高我们对癌症的理解,以及这些工具如何帮助深入了解预测患者对治疗的反应。
Cancer is a leading cause of death across the world and continues to increase in incidence. Despite years of research, multiple tumors (e.g., glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer) still have limited treatment options in the clinic. Additionally, the attrition rate and cost of drug development have continued to increase. This trend is partly explained by the poor predictive power of traditional in vitro tools and animal models. Moreover, multiple studies have highlighted that cell culture in traditional Petri dishes commonly fail to predict drug sensitivity. Conversely, animal models present differences in tumor biology compared with human pathologies, explaining why promising therapies tested in animal models often fail when tested in humans. The surging complexity of patient management with the advent of cancer vaccines, immunotherapy, and precision medicine demands more robust and patient-specific tools to better inform our understanding and treatment of human cancer. Advances in stem cell biology, microfluidics, and cell culture have led to the development of sophisticated bioengineered microscale organotypic models (BMOMs) that could fill this gap. In this Perspective, we discuss the advantages and limitations of patient-specific BMOMs to improve our understanding of cancer and how these tools can help to confer insight into predicting patient response to therapy.
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