Water, sanitation, and hygiene access in southern Syria: analysis of survey data and recommendations for response.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene access in southern Syria: analysis of survey data and recommendations for response.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13031-018-0151-3
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Saltori R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sikder M;Daraz U;Lantagne D;Saltori R
水、环境卫生和个人卫生是紧急情况下人类生存和尊严的当务之急。2010年，超过90%的叙利亚人获得了改善的饮用水。2011年，武装冲突开始，目前有1 200万人需要讲卫生运动服务。我们分析了在叙利亚南部收集的数据，以确定在这种情况下有效的WASH响应活动。2016年和2017年在反对派控制的叙利亚南部两个省的17个分区进行了横断面家庭调查。在调查期间，对家庭用水进行了游离氯残留量（FCR）测试。计算描述性统计量，并完成混合效应逻辑回归，以确定人口统计学和WASH变量与家庭水中FCR > 0.1 mg/L和< 5岁儿童报告腹泻结果之间的关联。在2016年和2017年，进行了1281和1360次调查。自来水作为主要水源的比例从22.0%下降到15.3%。每个家庭每天人均用水50-60升（主要来自私人运水网络）。家庭将收入的约20%用于水，并报告说，市场上可买到的卫生用品负担不起。在此期间，FCR > 0.1 mg/L从4.1%增加到27.9%，水安全计划（WSP）编程与FCR密切相关（莫尔：24.16; 95% CI：5.93-98.5）。在这段时间里，儿童腹泻的家庭比例从32.8%下降到20.4%;环境卫生和个人卫生的获得可以预防儿童腹泻。私营部门有效地取代了叙利亚的破旧基础设施，尽管代价高昂，质量也不确定。允许市场力量来管理讲卫生运动的服务和数量，并通过目标明确的补贴来提高人们的负担能力，以及通过水战略项目来改善水质和监管，这些应急活动都是一项有效、可扩展和具有成本效益的战略，可以通过当地市场来保证在长期紧急情况下获得水和卫生设施。
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are immediate priorities for human survival and dignity in emergencies. In 2010, > 90% of Syrians had access to improved drinking water. In 2011, armed conflict began and currently 12 million people need WASH services. We analyzed data collected in southern Syria to identify effective WASH response activities for this context. Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in 17 sub-districts of two governorates in opposition controlled southern Syria. During the survey, household water was tested for free chlorine residual (FCR). Descriptive statistics were calculated, and mixed effect logistic regressions were completed to determine associations between demographic and WASH variables with outcomes of FCR > 0.1 mg/L in household water and reported diarrhea in children < 5 years old. In 2016 and 2017, 1281 and 1360 surveys were conducted. Piped water as the main water source declined from 22.0% to 15.3% over this time. Households accessed 50–60 l per capita daily (primarily from private water trucking networks). Households spent ~ 20% of income on water and reported market-available hygiene items were unaffordable. FCR > 0.1 mg/L increased from 4.1% to 27.9% over this time, with Water Safety Plan (WSP) programming strongly associated with FCR (mOR: 24.16; 95% CI: 5.93–98.5). The proportion of households with childhood diarrhea declined from 32.8% to 20.4% over this time; sanitation and hygiene access were protective against childhood diarrhea. The private sector has effectively replaced decaying infrastructure in Syria, although at high cost and uncertain quality. Allowing market forces to manage WASH services and quantity, and targeting emergency response activities on increasing affordability with well-targeted subsidies and improving water quality and regulation via WSPs can be an effective, scalable, and cost-effective strategy to guarantee water and sanitation access in protracted emergencies with local markets.
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Morse SS
通讯作者：
Morse SS
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Smith, Katherine F.;Goldberg, Michael;Ramachandran, Sohini
通讯作者：
Ramachandran, Sohini
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
KREJCIE, RV;MORGAN, DW
通讯作者：
MORGAN, DW