The habitat use and trophic niche comparisons among closely related land snails in Northeast Asia
The habitat use and trophic niche comparisons among closely related land snails in Northeast Asia
复制标题
东北亚近缘蜗牛栖息地利用和营养生态位比较
DOI：
10.1002/1438-390x.12127
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Prozorova Larisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morii Yuta;Ohkubo Yusaku;Kanaya Gen;Prozorova Larisa
表型和物种的多样性一直是进化生物学中的一个主要问题。资源竞争和捕食者-猎物相互作用都被认为是驱动表型差异和物种形成的机制，但后者引起的关注比前者少得多。东北亚的Karaftohelixland蜗牛为研究竞争和捕食对分化过程的影响提供了一个很好的模型。这是因为：(1)所有物种--尤其是日本北部的蓝藻和蓝藻--都密切相关，有时在生殖器形态以及中性核和线粒体DNA标记上难以区分，尽管不同物种的表型不同；(2)这一组中的每个物种都有两种不同的反捕食策略(即被动防御和主动防御)；(3)多个物种通常重叠分布，经常在完全相同的时间和地点观察到。在这项研究中，我们进行了定量的样方调查和碳/氮稳定同位素分析，比较了喀喇昆仑钉螺的微生境和营养生态位，并估计了该分类群适应辐射的原因。所有这些结果表明，喀拉特海陆钉螺在微生境和营养生态位上的差异--特别是近缘关系最近的姐妹种--克氏钉螺和克氏钉螺的差异。在日本北部--收益太小，不能促进这一群体的适应性辐射。因此，很难通过资源竞争和/或繁殖干扰来解释东北亚喀喇昆仑钉螺在环境适应方面的表型和物种的极端差异。
The diversification of phenotypes and species has been a major concern in evolutionary biology. Both resource competition and predator–prey interactions have been suggested as mechanisms that drive phenotypic divergence and speciation, but the latter has attracted much less attention than the former. TheKaraftohelixland snails in Northeast Asia provide an excellent model to investigate the effects of competition and predation on the divergence process. This is because (1) all species—especiallyKaraftohelix edithaandKaraftohelix gainesiin northern Japan—are closely related and sometimes indistinguishable by genital morphologies and neutral nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, despite the distinct phenotypes among species; (2) two different anti‐predatory strategies (i.e., passive and active defenses) are observed for each species in this group; and (3) multiple species have generally overlapping distributions and were often observed at exactly the same time and place. In this study, we conducted quantitative quadrat surveys and carbon/nitrogen stable isotope analyses to compare the microhabitat and trophic niches amongKaraftohelixland snails and estimated the cause of adaptive radiation in this taxon. All the results indicated that the differences in microhabitats and trophic niches amongKaraftohelixland snails—especially between the most closely related sister species,K. edithaandK. gainesiin northern Japan—were too small to promote the adaptive radiation in this group. Therefore, it is difficult to explain the extreme divergence of phenotypes and species amongKaraftohelixland snails in Northeast Asia based on environmental adaptation through resource competition and/or reproductive interference.
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