Market-oriented solutions for groundwater commons through collective-action

Market-oriented solutions for groundwater commons through collective-action
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通过集体行动以市场为导向的地下水共享解决方案

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/acc8ec
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Smith, Steven M.
Smith, Steven M.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Allen, Jonah J.;Smith, Steven M.

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地下水稀缺对全球社区构成威胁,有效应对这些挑战需要设计实现制度契合的政策。集体行动非常适合将规则与当地情况相匹配,并且社区可以通过多种途径来减少地下水的使用。为了更好地了解当地条件如何影响规则设计,我们研究了美国西部两个依赖地下水的社区,这些社区通过集体行动制定了不同的地下水管理规则。我们考虑:是什么促使堪萨斯州西北部 (NWKS) 和科罗拉多州圣路易斯谷 (SLV) 的利益相关者采用当地地下水政策,以及为什么选择不同的管理途径?此外,为什么与 NWKS 相比,SLV 的当地管理组织之间存在更多异质性?为了研究这些问题,我们采用扎根理论,参考当地水利农业经济统计数据以及对专家抽样选定的每个地区的利益相关者(n=19)的访谈来解释规则。我们发现,SLV 地下水规则的额外目标(部分是由资源系统与 NWKS 相比的主要对比以及 SLV 更高的资源生产率驱动的)创造了以价格为中心的政策的需求和有效性。此外,与 NWKS 相比,各分区之间资源系统和相关农场特征的差异导致 SLV 当地管理区之间的规则设计存在更高的异质性。更一般地说,我们发现通过集体行动过程提供的地方灵活性至关重要,即使它是为了达成替代性的、非经济的激励措施。
Groundwater scarcity poses threats to communities across the globe, and effectively managing those challenges requires designing policy that achieves institutional fit. Collective action is well-suited to match rules with local context, and multiple pathways exist for communities to achieve reductions in groundwater use. To better understand how local conditions influence rule design, we examine two groundwater-reliant communities in the Western US that engaged in collective-action to arrive at distinct groundwater management rules. We consider: what drove stakeholders in Northwestern Kansas (NWKS) and San Luis Valley, Colorado (SLV) to adopt local groundwater policies, and why were different management pathways chosen? Further, why is more heterogeneity observed between local management organizations in SLV as compared to NWKS? To investigate these questions, we employ grounded theory to interpret the rules in reference to local hydro-agro-economic statistics and interviews with stakeholders (n= 19) in each region selected by expert sampling. We find that the additional goals of groundwater rules in SLV, partially driven by key contrasts in the resource system compared to NWKS, and higher resource productivity in SLV, creates both the need for and efficacy of a price-centered policy. Furthermore, variation in the resource systems and associated farm characteristics between subdistricts drives higher heterogeneity in rule design between local management districts in SLV compared to NWKS. More generally, we find the local flexibility afforded through the collective-action process as critical, even if it were to arrive at alternative, non-economic based incentives.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006253
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