Demonstration of three-dimensional contact point determination and contour reconstruction during active whisking behavior of an awake rat.
Demonstration of three-dimensional contact point determination and contour reconstruction during active whisking behavior of an awake rat.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007763
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
4.3
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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啮齿动物的触觉(胡须)系统作为一种主动触觉感知模型，已经被研究了几十年。沿着胡须的长度没有传感器；所有的传感都发生在胡须的底部。因此，在许多神经科学研究中，一个大的悬而未决的问题是，动物如何估计胡须与物体接触的三维(3D)位置。在目前的工作中，我们模拟了真实的老鼠胡须的形状，以演示从胡须底部的三元组机械信号到三维胡须-物体接触点的几个独特映射的存在。然后，我们使用高速视频记录一只清醒的老鼠在钉子上快速移动时的胡须偏转，并使用这些偏转产生的机制来提取沿着钉子表面的接触点。这些结果表明，测量生物晶须底部的特定机械三联体可以在自然搅拌行为中确定3D接触点。这种方法是可行的，即使生物胡须具有非理想、非平面的曲率，甚至给出了老鼠在现实世界中选择的搅拌参数。视频中提供了对该方法质量的视觉直观，该视频显示了在积极的搅拌行为中逐渐显现的钉子的轮廓。当啮齿动物探索它的环境时，它经常有节奏地敲击物体上的胡须，以获取触觉(触摸)信息。这种行为被称为“搅动”。在神经科学领域，扭动被用来研究动物如何将触觉信息与运动相结合来探索物体。像头发一样，胡须的长度上没有传感器--所有的传感器都在胡须的底部。那么，老鼠的胡须如何将物体的三维(3D)位置信息传递给老鼠的大脑呢？当胡须接触到物体时，在胡须基座上会产生六个机械信号。以前的工作表明，只需要这六个机械信号中的三个来确定3D接触位置，但之前的工作只在模拟中执行，使用理想化胡须的理想化偏转。在这里，我们识别机械信号和3D对象位置之间的映射，在真实大鼠的主动搅拌过程中。然后，我们使用一个贴图来显示胡须-对象接触点的序列，该序列逐渐显示对象的轮廓。这项工作表明，即使现实世界中的搅拌包括摩擦、动力学和非理想化的胡须几何形状，至少一个三元组的机械信号足以通过触摸提取3D轮廓。
The rodent vibrissal (whisker) system has been studied for decades as a model of active touch sensing. There are no sensors along the length of a whisker; all sensing occurs at the whisker base. Therefore, a large open question in many neuroscience studies is how an animal could estimate the three-dimensional (3D) location at which a whisker makes contact with an object. In the present work we simulated the shape of a real rat whisker to demonstrate the existence of several unique mappings from triplets of mechanical signals at the whisker base to the three-dimensional whisker-object contact point. We then used high speed video to record whisker deflections as an awake rat whisked against a peg, and used the mechanics resulting from those deflections to extract the contact points along the peg surface. These results demonstrate that measurement of specific mechanical triplets at the base of a biological whisker can enable 3D contact point determination during natural whisking behavior. The approach is viable even though the biological whisker has non-ideal, non-planar curvature, and even given the rat’s real-world choices of whisking parameters. Visual intuition for the quality of the approach is provided in a video that shows the contour of the peg gradually emerging during active whisking behavior. When a rodent explores its environment, it often rhythmically taps its whiskers against objects to obtain tactile (touch) information. This behavior is called “whisking.” In the field of neuroscience, whisking is used to investigate how animals combine tactile information with movement to explore objects. Like a hair, a whisker has no sensors along its length–all sensors are at the whisker base. So how do a rat’s whiskers convey information about the three-dimensional (3D) location of an object to the rat’s brain? When a whisker touches an object, six mechanical signals are generated at the whisker base. Previous work has shown that only three of these six mechanical signals are required to determine 3D contact location, but this previous work was performed only in simulation, using idealized deflections of idealized whiskers. Here we identify mappings between mechanical signals and 3D object location during active whisking of a real rat. We then use one mapping to show a sequence of whisker-object contact points that gradually reveals the contour of the object. This work shows that at least one triplet of mechanical signals is sufficient to extract 3D contours through touch, even though real-world whisking includes friction, dynamics, and non-idealized whisker geometries.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Hires SA;Pammer L;Svoboda K;Golomb D
通讯作者：
Golomb D
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2.5
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Ebara, S;Kumamoto, K;Rice, FL
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通讯作者：
Hartmann, Mitra J. Z.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
Golomb, David
影响因子：
9.2
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Furuta, Takahiro;Bush, Nicholas E.;Yang, Anne En-Tzu;Ebara, Satomi;Miyazaki, Naoyuki;Murata, Kazuyoshi;Hirai, Daichi;Shibata, Ken-ichi;Hartmann, Mitra J. Z.
通讯作者：
Hartmann, Mitra J. Z.