Involvement of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor in the Control of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure
Involvement of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor in the Control of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure
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促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子参与控制食物摄入和能量消耗
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49930.x
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
D. Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Richard
促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)是Vale等人从绵羊和大鼠下丘脑中鉴定的一种41个残基的多肽。和Spiess等人在1981年提出的。1983年*在大鼠中，CRF存在于广泛分布于整个大脑的神经元中，其中最引人注目的一群细胞位于下丘脑室旁核的内侧小细胞分裂~S。-下丘脑室旁核内侧小细胞分裂中含有CRF的细胞体，其纤维丰富地投射到正中隆起的神经血缘区，主要参与控制垂体-肾上腺轴，这代表了CRF的主要作用。8.在室旁核内外，也有不参与垂体功能的含CRF细胞膜，投射到调节行为和自主神经功能的神经元结构。‘-’在PVN外，与行为和自主神经调节有关的含CRF细胞体见于间脑，其中内侧视前区(MPOA)是下丘脑中仅次于PVN的第二大含CRF细胞群。在终纹床核(BNST)和杏仁中央核(CEA)的端脑也发现了特别密集的含有CRF的细胞体。最后，在脑干中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)、蓝斑(LC)、臂旁核(PBN)、孤束核(NST)和迷走神经背侧运动核(DMV)内可见CRF阳性细胞群。近年来，CRF对行为和自主神经功能的影响与CRF对ACTH或其他前阿片黑素皮质素(POMC)产物的作用一样引起了人们的关注。1w25 CRF最概括的与垂体无关的作用之一是它对能量平衡的影响；在小型实验动物中，CRF治疗通过同时减少能量摄入和增加能量消耗来钝化能量储存(能量平衡)。促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素对食物摄入量的影响已被广泛综述11‘。黄体生成素，21~22岁，2~2岁。然而，可能由于控制食物摄入量的机制的复杂性，对CRF厌食作用的机制仍有部分了解。尽管如此，两种神经肽已被确定为CRF厌食作用的介体。生长抑素被报道能逆转束缚应激对食物摄取的抑制作用，催产素拮抗剂被证明能阻止中枢注射CRF的厌食效应。值得注意的是，CRF治疗导致交感神经系统(SNS)活动增加，同时减少食物摄入量，这一发现表明，CRF的厌食效应可能是通过对自主神经系统(ANS)的中枢控制而介导的，就像它的生热效应(见下文)一样。这个建议是
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-residuc peptide characterized from ovine and rat hypothalami by Vale et al. in 1981’and Spiess et al. in 1983.* In rats, CRF is contained in neurons that are widely distributed throughout the brain, with one of the most noticeable clusters of these cells found in the medial parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalam~ s.’-~ The CRF-containing cell bodies in the medial parvocellular division of the PVN, whose fibers abundantly project to the neurohemal zone of the median eminence, are dominantly involved in the control of the pituitary-adrenal axis, which represents the primary role of CRF. 8. y Within and outside the PVN, there are also CRF-containing cell perikarya, not involved in the pituitary function, which projcct to neuronal structures that modulate behavioral and autonomic functions.’-’Outside the PVN, CRF-containing cell bodies implicated in the behavioral and autonomic regulations are found in thc diencephalon, where the medial preoptic area (MPOA) comprises the second largest CRF-containing cell groups in the hypothalamus after the PVN. Particularly dense clusters of CRF-containing cell bodies are also found in the telenccphalon, located in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Finally, in the brain stem, populations of CRF-containing cell perikarya are found in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the locus coeruleus (LC), the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). In recent years, the effects of CRF on behavioral and autonomic functions have arouscd as much interest as the role CRF is exerting on the pituitary secretion of ACTH or other proopiomelanocortin (POMC) products. 1w25 Among the most outlined pituitary-unrelated actions of CRF is its influence on energy balance; in small laboratory animals, CRF treatment blunts energy storage (energy balance) by concomitantly reducing energy intake and augmenting energy expenditure. The effect of CRF on food intake has been extensively reviewed11’. lh, 21~ 22, 2~ 2y in recent years. However, possibly because of the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the control of food intake, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the anorectic action of CRF is still partly obscure. Nonetheless, two neuropeptides have been identified as mediators of the anorectic action of CRF. Somatostatin has been reported to reverse the CRF-dependent supprcssing effect of restraint strcss on food intake, 70 and oxytocin antagonists have been shown to prevent the anorectic effect of central injection of CRF. 3i It is noteworthy that CRF treatment induces, concurrently with a reduction in food intake, an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), 1t-’3-i8, 23 a finding that suggests that the anorectic effect of CRF may be mediated, as it is for its thermogenic effect (see below), by central control over the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This suggestion is
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.1.c32
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. L. Bell;M. Reddy;Paul M. Quinton
通讯作者：
C. L. Bell;M. Reddy;Paul M. Quinton
DOI：
10.1016/0026-0495(87)90067-9
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
Metabolism: clinical and experimental
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Wickler;J. Stern;Z. Glick;B. Horwitz
通讯作者：
S. Wickler;J. Stern;Z. Glick;B. Horwitz
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
M. Schwartz;A. Sipols;J. L. Marks;G. Sanacora;Jeffery D. White;A. Scheurink;S. Kahn;D. Baskin;S. Woods;D. Figlewicz
通讯作者：
M. Schwartz;A. Sipols;J. L. Marks;G. Sanacora;Jeffery D. White;A. Scheurink;S. Kahn;D. Baskin;S. Woods;D. Figlewicz
影响因子：
20.3
作者：
M. Schwartz;D. Figlewicz;D. Baskin;S. Woods;D. Porte
通讯作者：
M. Schwartz;D. Figlewicz;D. Baskin;S. Woods;D. Porte
遗传性糖尿病 (MDB/MDB) 小鼠大脑中糖皮质激素结合和受体激活减少。
DOI：
10.1016/0022-4731(86)90007-5
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
Journal of steroid biochemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Webb,ML;Flynn,JJ;Schmidt,TJ;Margules,DL;Litwack,G
通讯作者：
Litwack,G