Effect of context on the instrumental reinforcer devaluation effect produced by taste-aversion learning.
Effect of context on the instrumental reinforcer devaluation effect produced by taste-aversion learning.
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DOI：
10.1037/xan0000295
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thrailkill EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouton ME;Allan SM;Tavakkoli A;Steinfeld MR;Thrailkill EA
四个实验操纵了当强化剂在工具性学习后贬值时发生味觉厌恶条件反射的背景。在所有实验中，大鼠学会了在操作室中杠杆挤压，然后对食物颗粒增强剂产生反感，无论是在那个环境中还是在不同的环境中将其与氯化锂配对。然后对杠杆按压在灭绝状态下进行测试，以评估其作为目标导向动作的状态。在实验1中，操纵室中的厌恶条件作用抑制了测试过程中的杠杆挤压，但在家庭笼子中的厌恶条件作用不是这样。在家庭笼子中进行条件调节后，暴露于操作室中避免的小球并不改变这种效果(实验2)。当不同的背景是第二个操作式腔室(平衡)时，观察到相同的模式，控制暴露在背景中，并以相同的方式在其中呈现颗粒(实验3)。厌恶条件反射在工具性语境中的作用更大，不仅仅是因为加强了语境条件反射(实验4)。重要的是，消费测试显示，在不同情境下形成的厌恶情绪已经转移到测试情境中。因此，当增强剂贬值在不同的背景下发生时，大鼠的杠杆被压在灭绝中，以寻找它们本来会拒绝的增强剂。结果表明，动物在工具性学习过程中编码了关于增强剂的上下文信息，并建议当增强剂在不同的环境中被贬低时，在做出动作与习惯学习的推断时要谨慎。
Four experiments manipulated the context in which taste aversion conditioning occurred when the reinforcer was devalued after instrumental learning. In all experiments, rats learned to lever press in an operant chamber and then had an aversion to the food-pellet reinforcer conditioned by pairing it with LiCl in either that context or a different context. Lever pressing was then tested in extinction to assess its status as a goal-directed action. In Experiment 1, aversion conditioning in the operant chamber suppressed lever pressing during the test, but aversion conditioning in the home cage did not. Exposure to the averted pellet in the operant chamber after conditioning in the home cage did not change this effect (Experiment 2). The same pattern was observed when the different context was a second operant-style chamber (counterbalanced), exposure to the contexts was controlled, and pellets were presented in them in the same manner (Experiment 3). The greater effect of aversion conditioning in the instrumental context was not merely due to potentiated contextual conditioning (Experiment 4). Importantly, consumption tests revealed that the aversion conditioned in the different context had transferred to the test context. Thus, when reinforcer devaluation occurred in a different context, the rats lever pressed in extinction for a reinforcer they would otherwise reject. The results suggest that animals encode contextual information about the reinforcer during instrumental learning and suggest caution in making inferences about action vs. habit learning when the reinforcer is devalued in a different context.
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.30.2.104
发表时间：
2004-04-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Holland, PC
通讯作者：
Holland, PC
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Rosas, JM;Bouton, ME
通讯作者：
Bouton, ME
DOI：
10.1080/14640748308400912
发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION B-COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
DICKINSON, A;NICHOLAS, DJ;ADAMS, CD
通讯作者：
ADAMS, CD
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Jonkman, Sietse;Kosaki, Yutaka;Dickinson, Anthony
通讯作者：
Dickinson, Anthony
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Trask S;Bouton ME
通讯作者：
Bouton ME