Chance and necessity in the pleiotropic consequences of adaptation for budding yeast.
Chance and necessity in the pleiotropic consequences of adaptation for budding yeast.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-020-1128-3
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Kryazhimskiy S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jerison ER;Nguyen Ba AN;Desai MM;Kryazhimskiy S
种群在进化过程中在一个（“家”）环境中积累的突变可能会导致适应性的增加或在其他条件下的损失。这种多效性适应效应决定了种群在可变环境中的进化命运，并可能导致生态专门化。目前尚不清楚进化过程的内在随机性和环境选择压力的确定性变化是如何塑造进化的多效性结果的。为了解决这个问题，我们在11个实验室环境中进化了20个重复的酵母群体，并测量了它们在多种条件下的适应性。我们发现，在多种突变的驱动下，进化导致了多种多样的多效性增益和损失。大约60%的变异是由克隆的家庭环境和最常见的平行遗传变化造成的，而大约40%是由于突变的随机积累，其多效性效应是不可预测的。虽然种群通常对其家庭环境进行专业化，但通才也在几乎所有条件下进化。我们的研究结果表明，在进化过程中积累的突变会以不同的概率产生各种多效性成本和收益。因此，一个种群向专门型还是通才型进化很大程度上受偶然性的影响。
Mutations that a population accumulates during evolution in one (“home”) environment may cause fitness gains or losses in other conditions. Such pleiotropic fitness effects determine the evolutionary fate of the population in variable environments and can lead to ecological specialization. It is unclear how the pleiotropic outcomes of evolution are shaped by the intrinsic randomness of the evolutionary process and by the deterministic variation in selection pressures across environments. To address this question, we evolved 20 replicate populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 11 laboratory environments and measured their fitness across multiple conditions. We found that evolution led to diverse pleiotropic fitness gains and losses, driven by multiple types of mutations. Approximately 60% percent of this variation is explained by a clone’s home environment and the most common parallel genetic changes, while about 40% is attributed to the stochastic accumulation of mutations whose pleiotropic effects are unpredictable. While populations typically specialized to their home environment, generalists also evolved in almost all conditions. Our results suggest that the mutations accumulating during evolution incur a variety of pleiotropic costs and benefits with different probabilities. Therefore, whether a population evolves towards a specialist or a generalist phenotype is heavily influenced by chance.
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