Orchestrating the Response: Somali Piracy and Ontological Complexity

Orchestrating the Response: Somali Piracy and Ontological Complexity
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精心策划应对措施:索马里海盗行为和本体论的复杂性

DOI:
10.1111/j.1758-5899.2012.00194.x
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Bueger C
Bueger C
中科院分区:
法学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bueger C

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摘要当代盗版是一个复杂而错综复杂的问题。本文讨论了问题复杂性的不同来源,并建议注意本体论复杂性。要解开本体论的复杂性,人们必须问一个非常根本的问题:为什么盗版实际上被认为是有问题的?解决这一问题导致了一套不同的海盗行为模式,这些模式构成了反海盗政策的基础。这些范式中的每一个都有不同的假设,突出了不同的维度,并提出了其他类型的衡量标准。概述了打击海盗的五种模式:第一,安全模式,强调海盗是一种威胁;第二,法律模式,其中海盗行为是犯罪;第三,经济模式,其中海盗行为是一种商业模式;第四,发展模式,将海盗行为解释为结构性根源问题;第五,人道主义模式,其中海盗行为是个人痛苦的根源。这些范式在彼此之间产生了一系列紧张关系。文章最后强调了在起草反海盗政策时注意这种复杂性的重要性,以增加反映性。政策影响·当代海盗不仅是一个问题,而且是不同的问题。海盗行为有相互竞争的范式。·至少存在五种范式:海盗是威胁、犯罪、商业模式、根源问题,还是导致政策目标相互矛盾的人道主义问题。·范式会产生难以调和的紧张关系和矛盾。·复杂性不应降低。应对政策应该协调一致,这不是按照单一的逻辑精简,而是玩弄几个逻辑,有效地利用矛盾和紧张局势,引入休息和沉默。
AbstractContemporary piracy is a complex and intricate problem. This article discusses different sources of complexity of the problem and suggests paying attention to ontological complexity. To unravel ontological complexity one has to ask the very fundamental question: Why is piracy actually considered to be problematic? Addressing this question leads to a set of different paradigms of piracy which underpin counter‐piracy policy. Each of these paradigms works with different presumptions, foregrounds different dimensions and suggests other types of measures. Five paradigms of counter‐piracy are outlined: Firstly, a security paradigm, which stresses that piracy is a threat; secondly, a legal paradigm, within which piracy is a crime; thirdly, an economic paradigm within which piracy is a business model; fourthly, a development paradigm that interprets piracy as a problem of structural root causes; and fifthly a humanitarian paradigm in which piracy is the source of suffering for individuals. These paradigms produce a range of tensions between each other. The article concludes in stressing the importance of paying attention to this complexity to increase reflexivity in drafting counter‐piracy policies.Policy Implications•Contemporary piracy is not only one problem, but different ones. There are competing paradigms of piracy.•At least five paradigms of piracy exist: piracy as threat, as a crime, as a business model, as a problem of root causes, or as a humanitarian problem leads to contradicting policy objectives.•Paradigms produce tensions and contradictions which are not easily reconciled.•Complexity should not be reduced. Policy responses should be orchestrated, that is not streamlining according to a single logic, but playing with several logics, introducing breaks and silences as well using contradictions and tensions productively.
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