How is flexible electronics advancing neuroscience research?

How is flexible electronics advancing neuroscience research?
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灵活的电子产品如何推进神经科学研究?

DOI:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120559
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发表时间:
2021-01
期刊:
影响因子:
14
通讯作者:
Hong G
Hong G
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen Y;Rommelfanger NJ;Mahdi AI;Wu X;Keene ST;Obaid A;Salleo A;Wang H;Hong G

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创新的神经技术必须被用来从实验上回答现代神经科学中的大量紧迫问题。在用新设计的工具解决现有神经科学问题的愿望的推动下,我们在这篇综述中讨论了柔性电子学对神经科学研究的好处。我们首先介绍了柔性和可伸缩电子学的概念并定义了它们的性质。然后,我们对柔性电子学满足现代神经科学需求的四个维度进行了分类:慢性稳定性、多结构接口、多模式兼容性和神经元类型特定记录。具体地说,随着弯曲硬度现在接近神经组织,植入的柔性电子设备产生的剪切运动很少,最大限度地减少了慢性免疫反应,并能够记录和刺激数月甚至数年。柔性电子设备的独特机械性能还允许与大脑、脊髓、外周神经和视网膜进行亲密的构象。此外,灵活的电子学使光遗传刺激、微流控药物输送以及电刺激和记录期间的神经活动成像成为可能。最后,灵活的电子设备可以通过分析高保真记录的动作电位来识别神经元类型,这是因为它与神经电路无缝集成。我们认为,通过制造灵活的神经形态计算元件和开发增强的神经元互穿方法,柔性电子学将在神经科学研究和神经治疗中发挥越来越重要的作用。
Innovative neurotechnology must be leveraged to experimentally answer the multitude of pressing questions in modern neuroscience. Driven by the desire to address the existing neuroscience problems with newly engineered tools, we discuss in this review the benefits of flexible electronics for neuroscience studies. We first introduce the concept and define the properties of flexible and stretchable electronics. We then categorize the four dimensions where flexible electronics meets the demands of modern neuroscience: chronic stability, interfacing multiple structures, multi-modal compatibility, and neuron-type-specific recording. Specifically, with the bending stiffness now approaching that of neural tissue, implanted flexible electronic devices produce little shear motion, minimizing chronic immune responses and enabling recording and stimulation for months, and even years. The unique mechanical properties of flexible electronics also allow for intimate conformation to the brain, the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and the retina. Moreover, flexible electronics enables optogenetic stimulation, microfluidic drug delivery, and neural activity imaging during electrical stimulation and recording. Finally, flexible electronics can enable neuron-type identification through analysis of high-fidelity recorded action potentials facilitated by its seamless integration with the neural circuitry. We argue that flexible electronics will play an increasingly important role in neuroscience studies and neurological therapies via the fabrication of flexible neuromorphic computing elements and the development of enhanced methods of neuronal interpenetration.
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