Changes in air quality during COVID-19 'lockdown' in the United Kingdom.
Changes in air quality during COVID-19 'lockdown' in the United Kingdom.
复制标题
英国COVID-19“封锁”期间的空气质量变化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116011
复制
发表时间：
2021-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gulliver J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jephcote C;Hansell AL;Adams K;Gulliver J
英国于 2020 年春季实施了封锁，以减少 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的人际传播。措施将活动限制为每天一次外出锻炼和购物，否则除关键工作人员（例如医疗、超市和交通）外，大多数人都被限制在自己的住所内。在这项研究中，我们量化了 2020 年 3 月 30 日至 2020 年 5 月 3 日（第 14 至 18 周）（旅行限制最严格的时期）期间英国各地空气质量的变化。将这一时期国家监测点网络每日 NO2、O3 和 PM2.5 污染物测量值与 2017-19 年同期测量值进行比较。还与照常 (BAU) 模型预测的 2020 年浓度进行了比较，其中正常人类活动的贡献是在观测到的气象条件下估计的。在封锁研究期间，总体交通流量减少了 69%（轻型车辆减少了 74%，重型车辆减少了 35%）。 129 个监测站的测量结果表明，NO2 平均减少了 38.3% (−8.8 µg/m3)，PM2.5 平均减少了 16.5% (−2.2 µg/m3)。城市交通站点的 NO2 和 PM2.5 改善幅度最大，而大部分人口居住的背景地点的改善幅度较小。相比之下，由于当地 NO 排放量的减少，O3 浓度平均增加了 7.6% (+4.8 µg/m3)，其中路边的增幅最大。缺乏 VOC 监测限制了我们解释城市背景位置 O3 变化的能力。 BAU 模型预测，NO2 会减少，O3 会增加，尽管如果没有封锁，PM2.5 的情况会更加突出。结果表明，交通对空气质量的贡献相对较小，这表明空气质量的持续改善需要跨部门采取行动，包括与国际和欧洲针对远程运输空气污染物（尤其是 PM2.5 和 O3）的倡议合作。与 2019 年 4 月相比，2020 年 4 月的月平均每日流量下降了 69%。 NO2 和 PM2.5 浓度分别下降 38.3% (8.8 µg/m3) 和 16.5% (2.2 µg/m3)。随着大气化学成分的变化，O3 总体增加了 7.6%。城市交通站点的 NO2 和 PM2.5 改善幅度最大。尽管交通量有所减少，但天气条件仍导致了颗粒物的出现。
The UK implemented a lockdown in Spring (2020) to curtail the person-to-person transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Measures restricted movements to one outing per day for exercise and shopping, otherwise most people were restricted to their dwelling except for key workers (e.g. medical, supermarkets, and transport). In this study, we quantified changes to air quality across the United Kingdom from 30/03/2020 to 03/05/2020 (weeks 14–18), the period of most stringent travel restrictions. Daily pollutant measurements of NO2, O3 and PM2.5 from the national network of monitoring sites during this period were compared with measurements over the same period during 2017–19. Comparisons were also made with predicted concentrations for the 2020 period from business-as-usual (BAU) modelling, where the contributions of normal anthropogenic activities were estimated under the observed meteorological conditions. During the lockdown study period there was a 69% reduction in traffic overall (74% reduction in light and 35% in heavy vehicles). Measurements from 129 monitoring stations, identified mean reductions in NO2 of 38.3% (−8.8 μg/m3) and PM2.5 of 16.5% (−2.2 μg/m3). Improvements in NO2 and PM2.5 were largest at urban traffic sites and more modest at background locations where a large proportion of the population live. In contrast, O3 concentrations on average increased by 7.6% (+4.8 μg/m3) with the largest increases at roadside sites due to reductions in local emissions of NO. A lack of VOC monitoring limited our capacity to interpret changes in O3 at urban background locations. BAU models predicted comparable NO2 reductions and O3 gains, although PM2.5 episodes would have been more prominent without lockdown. Results demonstrate the relatively modest contribution of traffic to air quality, suggesting that sustained improvements in air quality require actions across various sectors, including working with international and European initiatives on long-range transport air pollutants, especially PM2.5 and O3. Monthly-average daily traffic counts in April-2020 fell by 69% compared to April-2019. NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations fell respectively by 38.3% (8.8 μg/m3) and 16.5% (2.2 μg/m3). O3 increased by 7.6% overall as the atmospheric chemistry changed. NO2 and PM2.5 improvements were largest at urban traffic sites. Weather conditions contributed to particulate episodes that were seen despite traffic reductions.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Dobson, Ruaraidh;Semple, Sean
通讯作者：
Semple, Sean
影响因子：
5
作者：
Fenech, Sara;Doherty, Ruth M.;Agnew, Paul
通讯作者：
Agnew, Paul
影响因子：
5
作者：
Carslaw, David C.;Taylor, Paul J.
通讯作者：
Taylor, Paul J.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Boogaard, Hanna;Janssen, Nicole A. H.;Hoek, Gerard
通讯作者：
Hoek, Gerard
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Menut, Laurent;Bessagnet, Bertrand;Cholakian, Arineh
通讯作者：
Cholakian, Arineh