Nuts and bolts of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI.
Nuts and bolts of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI.
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DOI：
10.1002/nbm.2899
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
McMahon, Michael T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Guanshu;Song, Xiaolei;Chan, Kannie W. Y.;McMahon, Michael T.
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) has emerged as a novel MRI contrast mechanism that is well suited for molecular imaging studies. This new mechanism can be used to detect small amounts of contrast agent through saturation of rapidly exchanging protons on these agents, allowing a wide range of applications. CEST technology has a number of indispensable features, such as the possibility of simultaneous detection of multiple “colors” of agents and detecting changes in their environment (e.g. pH, metabolites, etc) through MR contrast. Currently a large number of new imaging schemes and techniques have been developed to improve the temporal resolution and specificity and to correct the influence of B0 and B1 inhomogeneities. In this review, the techniques developed over the last decade have been summarized with the different imaging strategies and post-processing methods discussed from a practical point of view including describing their relative merits for detecting CEST agents. The goal of the present work is to provide the reader with a fundamental understanding of the techniques developed, and to provide guidance to help refine future applications of this technology. This review is organized into three main sections: Basics of CEST Contrast, Implementation, Post-Processing, and also includes a brief Introduction section and Summary. The Basics of CEST Contrast section contains a description of the relevant background theory for saturation transfer and frequency labeled transfer, and a brief discussion of methods to determine exchange rates. The Implementation section contains a description of the practical considerations in conducting CEST MRI studies, including choice of magnetic field, pulse sequence, saturation pulse, imaging scheme, and strategies to separate MT and CEST. The Post-Processing section contains a description of the typical image processing employed for B0/B1 correction, Z-spectral interpolation, frequency selective detection, and improving CEST contrast maps.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Delli Castelli, Daniela;Terreno, Enzo;Aime, Silvio
通讯作者：
Aime, Silvio
影响因子：
15
作者：
Friedman, Joshua I.;McMahon, Michael T.;Stivers, James T.;Van Zijl, Peter C. M.
通讯作者：
Van Zijl, Peter C. M.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
FORSEN, S;HOFFMAN, RA
通讯作者：
HOFFMAN, RA
影响因子：
18.3
作者：
De Leon-Rodriguez, Luis M.;Lubag, Angelo Josue M.;Malloy, Craig R.;Martinez, Gary V.;Gillies, Robert J.;Sherry, A. Dean
通讯作者：
Sherry, A. Dean
DOI：
10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.06.035
发表时间：
2011-12-10
期刊：
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society
影响因子：
--
作者：
Choi J;Kim K;Kim T;Liu G;Bar-Shir A;Hyeon T;McMahon MT;Bulte JW;Fisher JP;Gilad AA
通讯作者：
Gilad AA