Risk factors for cryptorchidism.
Risk factors for cryptorchidism.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrurol.2017.90
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sarfati D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurney JK;McGlynn KA;Stanley J;Merriman T;Signal V;Shaw C;Edwards R;Richiardi L;Hutson J;Sarfati D
这种被称为隐睾症的疾病是在男性中发现的最常见的先天性异常之一，也是少数已知的睾丸癌(TC)风险因素之一。就像睾丸癌一样，隐睾症发生的关键暴露仍然难以捉摸。睾丸下降被认为发生在两个受激素控制的阶段--8-15周和25-35周--虽然很明显，睾丸无法永久下降的原因很可能是这两个阶段中的一个或两个阶段的中断，但这种中断的原因(S)和机制(S)仍然不清楚。在这篇手稿中，我们回顾了到目前为止与隐睾症发展相关的广泛的推定危险因素，讨论了它们的合理性，并对进一步了解病因提出了建议。很少有暴露与隐睾症有关的一致证据；在那些证据似乎明确的情况下--例如，隐睾症与低出生体重等妊娠指标之间的关系--测量的暴露很可能替代真正的因果暴露。根据一系列遗传、母体、胎盘和胎儿因素--所有这些因素都可能在不同地区有所不同，每个风险因素在母子之间的相对重要性可能会有很大差异。
The condition known as cryptorchidism – undescended testis – is one of the most common congenital abnormalities found among males, and is one of the few known risk factors for testicular cancer (TC). Like testicular cancer, the key exposures in the occurrence of cryptorchidism remain elusive. Testicular descent is thought to occur during two hormonally-controlled phases – between 8–15 weeks and 25–35 weeks gestation – and while it is clear that a failure of testes to descend permanently is likely due to disruptions to one or both of these phases, the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of such disruption are still unclear. In this manuscript, we review the broad range of putative risk factors that have been evaluated in relation to the development of cryptorchidism to date, discuss their plausibility, and make suggestions regarding further approaches to understand aetiology. There are few exposures for which there is consistent evidence of an association with cryptorchidism; and in those cases where evidence appears unequivocal – for example, the relationship between cryptorchidism and gestational measures such as low birth weight – the measured exposure is likely to be a surrogate for the true causal exposure. The relative importance of each risk factor may vary considerably between mother/son pairs depending on an array of genetic, maternal, placental and foetal factors – all of which could vary between regions.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Acs, Nandor;Banhidy, Ferenc;Czeizel, Andrew E.
通讯作者：
Czeizel, Andrew E.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
BERNSTEIN, L;PIKE, MC;HENDERSON, BE
通讯作者：
HENDERSON, BE
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Bang, Jeong Kyoon;Lyu, Sang Woo;Song, Seung-Hun
通讯作者：
Song, Seung-Hun
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bonney, Tamara;Southwell, Bridget;Hutson, John
通讯作者：
Hutson, John
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ars, E.;Lo Giacco, D.;Krausz, C.
通讯作者：
Krausz, C.