Nidovirales: evolving the largest RNA virus genome.
Nidovirales: evolving the largest RNA virus genome.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.017
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发表时间：
2006-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Snijder EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorbalenya AE;Enjuanes L;Ziebuhr J;Snijder EJ
本文综述了动物RNA病毒的单系群，在该命令Nidovirales团结。该目的包括远亲冠状病毒，圆环病毒和roniviruses，拥有最大的已知RNA基因组（从26至32 kb），因此将被称为“大”巢状病毒在这篇评论。它们与它们的动脉炎病毒表亲进行了比较，后者也属于巢状病毒目，尽管其基因组要小得多（13-16 kb）。概述了大型或所有巢状病毒的共同和独特特征。这些包括巢病毒的遗传计划和基因组多样性，复制酶机制和病毒颗粒的组成，病毒特异性辅助基因，RNA和蛋白质合成的机制，以及具有小和大基因组的巢病毒的起源和进化。巢病毒采用正极性的单链多顺反子RNA基因组，其指导复制复合物的亚基的合成，包括RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶和解旋酶。复制酶基因表达主要受核糖体移码信号和胰凝乳蛋白酶样蛋白酶的控制，并由一种或多种木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白酶辅助。合成一套嵌套的亚基因组RNA以表达3′-近端ORF，这些ORF编码最保守的结构蛋白，在一些大型巢状病毒中，还编码可能促进病毒适应特定宿主的多种辅助蛋白。复制酶机制包括一组RNA加工酶，其中一些是所有或大型巢状病毒所特有的。这些酶的获得可能改善了RNA复制的低保真度，以允许基因组扩增并产生小的和随后的大的巢状病毒的祖先。
This review focuses on the monophyletic group of animal RNA viruses united in the order Nidovirales. The order includes the distantly related coronaviruses, toroviruses, and roniviruses, which possess the largest known RNA genomes (from 26 to 32 kb) and will therefore be called ‘large’ nidoviruses in this review. They are compared with their arterivirus cousins, which also belong to the Nidovirales despite having a much smaller genome (13–16 kb). Common and unique features that have been identified for either large or all nidoviruses are outlined. These include the nidovirus genetic plan and genome diversity, the composition of the replicase machinery and virus particles, virus-specific accessory genes, the mechanisms of RNA and protein synthesis, and the origin and evolution of nidoviruses with small and large genomes. Nidoviruses employ single-stranded, polycistronic RNA genomes of positive polarity that direct the synthesis of the subunits of the replicative complex, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and helicase. Replicase gene expression is under the principal control of a ribosomal frameshifting signal and a chymotrypsin-like protease, which is assisted by one or more papain-like proteases. A nested set of subgenomic RNAs is synthesized to express the 3′-proximal ORFs that encode most conserved structural proteins and, in some large nidoviruses, also diverse accessory proteins that may promote virus adaptation to specific hosts. The replicase machinery includes a set of RNA-processing enzymes some of which are unique for either all or large nidoviruses. The acquisition of these enzymes may have improved the low fidelity of RNA replication to allow genome expansion and give rise to the ancestors of small and, subsequently, large nidoviruses.
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通讯作者：
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