Environmental surveillance for polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
Environmental surveillance for polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiu384
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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本文总结了全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动所使用的环境监测（ES）的现状，提供了ES的基本原理，给出了ES方法和发现的示例，并总结了如何使用这些数据来实现脊髓灰质炎病毒根除。ES补充了对可能的脊髓灰质炎病例的临床急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测。ES检测环境污水中的脊髓灰质炎病毒循环，并用于监测社区中的传播。如果检测到，则将从ES分离的脊髓灰质炎病毒的基因序列与从临床病例分离的脊髓灰质炎病毒的基因序列进行比较，以评估病毒之间的关系。为了评价脊髓灰质炎病毒传播，必须以敏感的方式制定ES计划，并采取足够频繁的采样、适当的隔离方法，以及在脊髓灰质炎病毒传播风险最高的地区专门针对采样点。在人类病例中不再检测到脊髓灰质炎病毒后，ES记录了没有地方性WPV传播，并检测到了输入性WPV。ES提供了有价值的信息，特别是在AFP监测质量差、怀疑病毒持续传播或认为病毒频繁重新引入的高密度人群中。鉴于ES的好处，GPEI计划继续和扩大ES作为其战略计划的一部分，并作为AFP监测的补充。
This article summarizes the status of environmental surveillance (ES) used by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, provides the rationale for ES, gives examples of ES methods and findings, and summarizes how these data are used to achieve poliovirus eradication. ES complements clinical acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance for possible polio cases. ES detects poliovirus circulation in environmental sewage and is used to monitor transmission in communities. If detected, the genetic sequences of polioviruses isolated from ES are compared with those of isolates from clinical cases to evaluate the relationships among viruses. To evaluate poliovirus transmission, ES programs must be developed in a manner that is sensitive, with sufficiently frequent sampling, appropriate isolation methods, and specifically targeted sampling sites in locations at highest risk for poliovirus transmission. After poliovirus ceased to be detected in human cases, ES documented the absence of endemic WPV transmission and detected imported WPV. ES provides valuable information, particularly in high-density populations where AFP surveillance is of poor quality, persistent virus circulation is suspected, or frequent virus reintroduction is perceived. Given the benefits of ES, GPEI plans to continue and expand ES as part of its strategic plan and as a supplement to AFP surveillance.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Deshpande, JM;Shetty, SJ;Siddiqui, ZA
通讯作者：
Siddiqui, ZA
影响因子：
5
作者：
El Bassioni, L;Barakat, I;Wahdan, MH
通讯作者：
Wahdan, MH