An ERP analysis of recognition and categorization decisions in a prototype-distortion task.
An ERP analysis of recognition and categorization decisions in a prototype-distortion task.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0010116
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发表时间：
2010-04-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Astle DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tunney RJ;Fernie G;Astle DE
分类理论对用于表示类别的基本过程做出了不同的预测。情景理论认为，通过在内存中存储先前遇到的范例来在内存中表示类别。原型理论认为类别以独立于记忆的原型形式表示。许多显示分类和识别之间分离的研究经常被引用作为原型帐户的证据。这些分离将对一组项目进行的识别判断与对另一组不同项目进行的分类判断进行比较，从而难以做出清晰的解释。该实验没有对不同的测试使用不同的刺激，而是比较参与者在原型扭曲任务中做出类别成员资格决策的过程，以及通过检查与它们相关的事件相关电位（ERP）对同一组刺激做出的识别决策。六十三名参与者被要求对形成人工类别或非类别成员的刺激做出分类或识别决定。我们检查了与预暴露参与者和对照参与者的两种决策相关的 ERP 组件。与使用不同项目的研究相比，我们观察到两种决策之间没有行为差异。参与者同样能够区分类别成员和非成员，无论他们是否进行识别或分类判断。有趣的是，这与之前的暴露没有相互作用。然而，ERP 数据表明，区分类别成员和非成员的早期视觉诱发反应是通过参与者的判断以及他们是否预先暴露于类别成员来调节的。我们由此得出的结论是，分类和识别之间的任何差异都反映了参与者在测试中做出判断时在刺激中关注的信息的差异，而不是编码或过程中的任何差异。
Theories of categorization make different predictions about the underlying processes used to represent categories. Episodic theories suggest that categories are represented in memory by storing previously encountered exemplars in memory. Prototype theories suggest that categories are represented in the form of a prototype independently of memory. A number of studies that show dissociations between categorization and recognition are often cited as evidence for the prototype account. These dissociations have compared recognition judgements made to one set of items to categorization judgements to a different set of items making a clear interpretation difficult. Instead of using different stimuli for different tests this experiment compares the processes by which participants make decisions about category membership in a prototype-distortion task and with recognition decisions about the same set of stimuli by examining the Event Related Potentials (ERPs) associated with them. Sixty-three participants were asked to make categorization or recognition decisions about stimuli that either formed an artificial category or that were category non-members. We examined the ERP components associated with both kinds of decision for pre-exposed and control participants. In contrast to studies using different items we observed no behavioural differences between the two kinds of decision; participants were equally able to distinguish category members from non-members, regardless of whether they were performing a recognition or categorisation judgement. Interestingly, this did not interact with prior-exposure. However, the ERP data demonstrated that the early visual evoked response that discriminated category members from non-members was modulated by which judgement participants performed and whether they had been pre-exposed to category members. We conclude from this that any differences between categorization and recognition reflect differences in the information that participants focus on in the stimuli to make the judgements at test, rather than any differences in encoding or process.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.131205798
发表时间：
2001-07-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Düzel, E;Vargha-Khadem, F;Mishkin, M
通讯作者：
Mishkin, M
DOI：
10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00122-2
发表时间：
2002-08-01
期刊：
COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Reber, PJ;Wong, EC;Buxton, RB
通讯作者：
Buxton, RB
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Reber, PJ;Gitelman, DR;Mesulam, MM
通讯作者：
Mesulam, MM
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.2.747
发表时间：
1998-01-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Reber, PJ;Stark, CEL;Squire, LR
通讯作者：
Squire, LR
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Little, DM;Thulborn, KR
通讯作者：
Thulborn, KR