Dynamic cues for whisker-based object localization: An analytical solution to vibration during active whisker touch.
Dynamic cues for whisker-based object localization: An analytical solution to vibration during active whisker touch.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006032
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hires SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vaxenburg R;Wyche I;Svoboda K;Efros AL;Hires SA
振动是跨物种触觉感知的重要线索。小鼠基于晶须的感觉是研究触觉感知机制的强大模型系统。然而，振动在基于胡须的感觉中所扮演的角色仍然不确定，部分原因是胡须振动建模的困难。在这里，我们开发了一种分析方法来计算晶须撞击物体的振动。我们使用这种方法来量化胡须沿胡须一系列位置的主动接触过程中的振动力。接触引起的振动的频率和振幅很大程度上取决于沿着晶须的接触位置。振动剪切力和弯矩的大小与准静态力相当。基本振动频率处于机械感受器特性的可检测范围内，并且低于初级感觉传入的最大尖峰速率。这些结果表明，啮齿动物可以使用两种动态线索来进行物体定位：振动频率以及振动力与准静态力大小的比较。这些补充了准静态力角作为距离提示的使用，特别是对于靠近毛囊的触摸，其中胡须是僵硬的并且力角在触摸期间几乎不改变。我们的方法还为其他传感任务中晶须振动的计算提供了通用解决方案。振动在许多物种的触觉中发挥着重要作用，但它们到底如何影响触觉仍然是个谜。造成这个谜团的一个重要原因是难以测量触摸过程中的振动。小鼠是研究触摸感知的强大模型系统，因为它们主动将胡须扫向物体，并且触摸产生的弯曲可以被视频记录。然而，触摸过程中晶须的振动通常太小且太快而无法被看到。为了克服这一限制，我们开发了一种新的数学方法，根据冲击时的速度、触摸期间的最大晶须弯曲以及沿晶须的接触位置来计算晶须振动，这更容易观察到。我们发现振动频率和振幅很大程度上取决于胡须的接触位置，小鼠可以利用胡须来推断其面部与触摸物体之间的距离。我们通过触摸期间晶须振动的高速成像来确认我们的计算。
Vibrations are important cues for tactile perception across species. Whisker-based sensation in mice is a powerful model system for investigating mechanisms of tactile perception. However, the role vibration plays in whisker-based sensation remains unsettled, in part due to difficulties in modeling the vibration of whiskers. Here, we develop an analytical approach to calculate the vibrations of whiskers striking objects. We use this approach to quantify vibration forces during active whisker touch at a range of locations along the whisker. The frequency and amplitude of vibrations evoked by contact are strongly dependent on the position of contact along the whisker. The magnitude of vibrational shear force and bending moment is comparable to quasi-static forces. The fundamental vibration frequencies are in a detectable range for mechanoreceptor properties and below the maximum spike rates of primary sensory afferents. These results suggest two dynamic cues exist that rodents can use for object localization: vibration frequency and comparison of vibrational to quasi-static force magnitude. These complement the use of quasi-static force angle as a distance cue, particularly for touches close to the follicle, where whiskers are stiff and force angles hardly change during touch. Our approach also provides a general solution to calculation of whisker vibrations in other sensing tasks. Vibrations play an important role in the sense of touch in many species, but exactly how they influence touch perception remains mysterious. An important reason for this mystery is the difficulty in measuring vibrations during touch. Mice are a powerful model system for investigating touch perception because they actively sweep their whiskers into objects and the resulting bending from touch can be video recorded. However, vibrations of the whiskers during touch are usually too small and fast to be seen. To overcome this limitation, we develop a new mathematical approach to calculating whisker vibrations from the speed at impact, maximum whisker bending during touch, and location of contact along a whisker, which is more easily observed. We find that vibration frequency and amplitude is strongly dependent on the location of contact along the whisker, which mice may use to deduce the distance between their face and touched objects. We confirm our calculations with high-speed imaging of whisker vibration during touch.
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2.5
作者：
Ebara, S;Kumamoto, K;Rice, FL
通讯作者：
Rice, FL
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