Can Soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules on Exosomes Mediate Inflammation?
Can Soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules on Exosomes Mediate Inflammation?
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DOI：
10.1007/s11481-021-10018-3
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发表时间：
2022-12
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影响因子：
--
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--
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免疫检查点 (ICP) 是触发免疫细胞中效应器功能的主要协同信号传导途径，其亚型要么是膜结合的，参与局部直接细胞间激活，要么是可溶的，通过自由循环或可能通过细胞外囊泡 (EV) 在远处部位发挥作用。外泌体是由多种细胞分泌的携带各种蛋白质和核酸的小型EV。它们广泛分布在生物体液中，对传染病、癌症和神经炎症有重大影响。同样，ICP 在多种疾病中发挥着关键作用，并已被广泛用作各种癌症的预后工具。在此，我们探讨了外泌体和 ICP 之间的关联是否可能是炎症的一个重要因素，特别是在癌症、神经炎症和病毒感染的情况下，其中外泌体蛋白和 ICP 的上调与免疫抑制作用相关。对现有数据的详细文献回顾强调了这两条重要途径在通过调节整体免疫反应介导癌症和增强神经炎症方面的重要性和复杂性。
Immune checkpoints (ICPs) are major co-signaling pathways that trigger effector functions in immune cells, with isoforms that are either membrane bound, engaging in direct cell to cell activation locally, or soluble, acting at distant sites by circulating freely or potentially via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are small EVs secreted by a variety of cells carrying various proteins and nucleic acids. They are distributed extensively through biological fluids and have major impacts on infectious diseases, cancer, and neuroinflammation. Similarly, ICPs play key roles in a variety of disease conditions and have been extensively utilized as a prognostic tool for various cancers. Herein, we explored if the association between exosomes and ICPs could be a significant contributor of inflammation, particularly in the setting of cancer, neuroinflammation and viral infections, wherein the up regulation in both exosomal proteins and ICPs correlate with immunosuppressive effects. The detailed literature review of existing data highlights the significance and complexity of these two important pathways in mediating cancer and potentiating neuroinflammation via modulating overall immune response.
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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