The measurement of water scarcity: Defining a meaningful indicator.

The measurement of water scarcity: Defining a meaningful indicator.
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DOI:
10.1007/s13280-017-0912-z
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发表时间:
2017-09
期刊:
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Taylor R
Taylor R
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Damkjaer S;Taylor R

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在过去三十年中,水资源短缺和压力的衡量标准已从简单的阈值指标演变为表征人类环境和淡水可持续性的综合衡量标准。可再生淡水资源的估算通常使用年平均河川径流量,这掩盖了水文变异性,并主观地量化反映适应能力的社会经济条件。有一个显着缺乏研究评估是否这些缺水指标是有意义的。我们认为,水资源短缺的测量(1)应重新定义为物理上的淡水储存,以解决淡水供应和需求的年度内和跨年度通量的不平衡;(2)放弃人类环境的主观量化,(3)用于告知参与式决策-制定程序,探索各种办法,解决水坝以外的淡水储存要求,包括使用可再生地下水,土壤水和虚拟水交易。此外,我们概述了一个概念框架,重新定义水资源短缺的淡水储存。本文的在线版本(doi:10.1007/s13280-017-0912-z)包含补充材料,可供授权用户使用。
Metrics of water scarcity and stress have evolved over the last three decades from simple threshold indicators to holistic measures characterising human environments and freshwater sustainability. Metrics commonly estimate renewable freshwater resources using mean annual river runoff, which masks hydrological variability, and quantify subjectively socio-economic conditions characterising adaptive capacity. There is a marked absence of research evaluating whether these metrics of water scarcity are meaningful. We argue that measurement of water scarcity (1) be redefined physically in terms of the freshwater storage required to address imbalances in intra- and inter-annual fluxes of freshwater supply and demand; (2) abandons subjective quantifications of human environments and (3) be used to inform participatory decision-making processes that explore a wide range of options for addressing freshwater storage requirements beyond dams that include use of renewable groundwater, soil water and trading in virtual water. Further, we outline a conceptual framework redefining water scarcity in terms of freshwater storage. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-017-0912-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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