A higher-order generalized singular value decomposition for comparison of global mRNA expression from multiple organisms.

A higher-order generalized singular value decomposition for comparison of global mRNA expression from multiple organisms.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0028072
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Alter O
Alter O
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ponnapalli SP;Saunders MA;Van Loan CF;Alter O

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在许多科学领域中,记录单个现象的多个方面的高维数据集的数量正在增加,同时需要能够比较具有不同行维度的多个大规模矩阵的数学框架。迄今为止唯一的此类框架是广义奇异值分解(GSVD),仅限于两个矩阵。我们在数学上为 N≥2 个矩阵定义了一个高阶 GSVD (HO GSVD),每个矩阵都具有完整的列秩。每个矩阵都被精确分解为 Di = UiΣiVT,其中 V 在所有分解中都相同,是从矩阵所有成对商的算术平均值 S 的特征系统 SV = VΛ 获得的,i≠j。我们证明这种分解几乎可以扩展到高阶 GSVD 的所有数学特性。矩阵 S 是无缺陷的,且 V 和 Λ 为实数。其特征值满足λk≥1。当且仅当对应的特征向量 vk 是所有矩阵 Di 和 Dj 中具有同等意义的右基向量,即对于所有 i 和 j 而言 σi,k/σj,k = 1,并且对应的左基向量 ui,k 与 Ui 中对于所有 i 的所有其他向量正交时,等式才成立。因此,特征值 λk = 1 定义了“公共 HO GSVD 子空间”。我们通过比较粟酒裂殖酵母、酿酒酵母和人类的基因组规模细胞周期 mRNA 表达来说明 HO GSVD。与现有算法不同,不需要对这些不同生物体的基因进行映射。我们发现大约共同的 HO GSVD 子空间代表细胞周期 mRNA 表达振荡,这在数据集中是相似的。因此,公共子空间中的同时重建从数据集中消除了不同的实验伪影。在对这个共同子空间中的三种生物体的基因进行同步序列独立分类时,序列高度保守但细胞周期峰值时间显着不同的基因被正确分类。
The number of high-dimensional datasets recording multiple aspects of a single phenomenon is increasing in many areas of science, accompanied by a need for mathematical frameworks that can compare multiple large-scale matrices with different row dimensions. The only such framework to date, the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD), is limited to two matrices. We mathematically define a higher-order GSVD (HO GSVD) for N≥2 matrices , each with full column rank. Each matrix is exactly factored as Di = UiΣiVT, where V, identical in all factorizations, is obtained from the eigensystem SV = VΛ of the arithmetic mean S of all pairwise quotients of the matrices , i≠j. We prove that this decomposition extends to higher orders almost all of the mathematical properties of the GSVD. The matrix S is nondefective with V and Λ real. Its eigenvalues satisfy λk≥1. Equality holds if and only if the corresponding eigenvector vk is a right basis vector of equal significance in all matrices Di and Dj, that is σi,k/σj,k = 1 for all i and j, and the corresponding left basis vector ui,k is orthogonal to all other vectors in Ui for all i. The eigenvalues λk = 1, therefore, define the “common HO GSVD subspace.” We illustrate the HO GSVD with a comparison of genome-scale cell-cycle mRNA expression from S. pombe, S. cerevisiae and human. Unlike existing algorithms, a mapping among the genes of these disparate organisms is not required. We find that the approximately common HO GSVD subspace represents the cell-cycle mRNA expression oscillations, which are similar among the datasets. Simultaneous reconstruction in the common subspace, therefore, removes the experimental artifacts, which are dissimilar, from the datasets. In the simultaneous sequence-independent classification of the genes of the three organisms in this common subspace, genes of highly conserved sequences but significantly different cell-cycle peak times are correctly classified.
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