Probiotics and gastrointestinal disease: successes, problems and future prospects.
Probiotics and gastrointestinal disease: successes, problems and future prospects.
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DOI：
10.1186/1757-4749-1-19
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发表时间：
2009-11-23
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Sleator RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Culligan EP;Hill C;Sleator RD
胃肠道疾病是全球每年发病率和死亡率的主要原因。慢性炎症性胃肠道疾病，如溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病的治疗是困难的，由于其确切病因的模糊性。由于微生物中抗生素耐药性的传播和所谓的“超级细菌”的出现，感染性胃肠道疾病，如各种类型的胃肠疾病也变得越来越难以治疗。考虑到这些问题，需要新的治疗方法是必不可少的。虽然描述了超过世纪的益生菌只是在最近几年才被广泛研究。它们在治疗和预防疾病，特别是胃肠道疾病中的应用，已经取得了许多成功的结果，我们在这篇综述中概述了其中的一些。虽然有希望，但许多益生菌受到固有的生理和技术弱点的阻碍，并且通常最有临床前景的菌株无法使用。因此，我们讨论了各种策略，使益生菌可以被工程化以创建设计师益生菌。这些创新方法包括：产生靶向特定病原体和毒素的益生菌的受体模拟策略，使用病原体衍生的基因产生具有增加的宿主和加工相关的应激耐受性谱的更稳健的益生菌菌株的病理生物技术方法，以及元生物技术，由此，功能性宏基因组学可用于从多种多样的和极大地未开发的环境（例如人类肠道）中鉴定新基因，用于生物技术和医学。
Gastrointestinal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide each year. Treatment of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is difficult due to the ambiguity surrounding their precise aetiology. Infectious gastrointestinal diseases, such as various types of diarrheal disease are also becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to the increasing dissemination of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms and the emergence of the so-called 'superbugs'. Taking into consideration these problems, the need for novel therapeutics is essential. Although described for over a century probiotics have only been extensively researched in recent years. Their use in the treatment and prevention of disease, particularly gastrointestinal disease, has yielded many successful results, some of which we outline in this review. Although promising, many probiotics are hindered by inherent physiological and technological weaknesses and often the most clinically promising strains are unusable. Consequently we discuss various strategies whereby probiotics may be engineered to create designer probiotics. Such innovative approaches include; a receptor mimicry strategy to create probiotics that target specific pathogens and toxins, a patho-biotechnology approach using pathogen-derived genes to create more robust probiotic stains with increased host and processing-associated stress tolerance profiles and meta-biotechnology, whereby, functional metagenomics may be used to identify novel genes from diverse and vastly unexplored environments, such as the human gut, for use in biotechnology and medicine.
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影响因子：
5.4
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