Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
Long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0039730
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sanders EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spijkerman J;Prevaes SM;van Gils EJ;Veenhoven RH;Bruin JP;Bogaert D;Wijmenga-Monsuur AJ;van den Dobbelsteen GP;Sanders EA
引入7价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV-7）后，肺炎球菌血清型的变化可能改变共存于同一鼻咽生态位的其他细菌病原体的存在。采用常规培养方法对11月龄和24月龄儿童以及24月龄儿童家长（n≈330/组）在国家免疫规划引入PCV-7前、3年和4.5年的肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他性分枝杆菌的鼻咽患病率进行调查。尽管PCV-7血清型随着时间的推移实际上消失了，但在所有年龄组中观察到相似的肺炎球菌总体发病率，除了11月龄组显着下降（4.5年后调整优势比0.48,95%置信区间0.34-0.67）。实施PCV-7前、3和4.5年时，11月龄金黄色葡萄球菌患病率分别为5%、9%和14%(3.59,1.90-6.79)，父母中金黄色葡萄球菌患病率分别为20%、32%和34%(1.96,1.36-2.83)，但在24月龄时，金黄色葡萄球菌患病率基本持平。11月龄流感嗜血杆菌感染率分别为46%、65%和65%(2.22、1.58 ~ 3.13)，24月龄感染率分别为52%、73%和76%(2.68、1.88 ~ 3.82)，父母感染率分别为23%、30%和40%（2.26、1.58 ~ 3.33）。随时间的推移，没有观察到卡他性分枝杆菌携带率的一致变化。除了肺炎球菌血清型的巨大变化外，在实施PCV-7后，在幼儿及其父母中观察到持续较高的金黄色葡萄球菌和流感嗜血杆菌的鼻咽患病率。这些发现可能对后pcv时代的疾病发病率和抗生素治疗具有启示意义。
Shifts in pneumococcal serotypes following introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) may alter the presence of other bacterial pathogens co-inhabiting the same nasopharyngeal niche. Nasopharyngeal prevalence rates of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were investigated before, 3 and 4.5 years after introduction of PCV-7 in the national immunisation program in children at 11 and 24 months of age, and parents of 24-month-old children (n≈330/group) using conventional culture methods. Despite a virtual disappearance of PCV-7 serotypes over time, similar overall pneumococcal rates were observed in all age groups, except for a significant reduction in the 11-month-old group (adjusted Odds Ratio after 4.5 years 0.48, 95% Confidence Interval 0.34–0.67). Before, 3 and 4.5 years after PCV-7 implementation, prevalence rates of S. aureus were 5%, 9% and 14% at 11 months of age (3.59, 1.90–6.79) and 20%, 32% and 34% in parents (1.96, 1.36–2.83), but remained similar at 24 months of age, respectively. Prevalence rates of H. influenzae were 46%, 65% and 65% at 11 months (2.22, 1.58–3.13), 52%, 73% and 76% at 24 months of age (2.68, 1.88–3.82) and 23%, 30% and 40% in parents (2.26, 1.58–3.33), respectively. No consistent changes in M. catarrhalis carriage rates were observed over time. In addition to large shifts in pneumococcal serotypes, persistently higher nasopharyngeal prevalence rates of S. aureus and H. influenzae were observed among young children and their parents after PCV-7 implementation. These findings may have implications for disease incidence and antibiotic treatment in the post-PCV era.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Kwambana BA;Barer MR;Bottomley C;Adegbola RA;Antonio M
通讯作者：
Antonio M
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Gerber, Jeffrey S.;Coffin, Susan E.;Zaoutis, Theoklis E.
通讯作者：
Zaoutis, Theoklis E.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Frederiksen, Marianne Sjolin;Espersen, Frank;Benfield, Thomas
通讯作者：
Benfield, Thomas
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
de Sande-Bruinsma, Nienke Van;Grundmann, Hajo;Verloo, Didier;Tiemersma, Edine;Monen, Jos;Goossens, Herman;Ferech, Matus
通讯作者：
Ferech, Matus
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Eskola, J;Kilpi, T;Ecrola, M
通讯作者：
Ecrola, M