Past and future uses of text mining in ecology and evolution.

Past and future uses of text mining in ecology and evolution.
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文本挖掘在生态学和进化中的过去和未来应用。

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2021.2721
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发表时间:
2022-05-25
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Mideo, Nicole
Mideo, Nicole
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Farrell, Maxwell J.;Brierley, Liam;Willoughby, Anna;Yates, Andrew;Mideo, Nicole

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生态学和进化生物学,像其他科学领域一样,正在经历学术手稿的指数增长。随着领域知识的积累,科学家将需要新的计算方法来识别相关文献,以阅读并纳入正式的文献综述和荟萃分析。重要的是,这些方法还可以促进自动化,大规模的数据综合任务,并从主要期刊文章,书籍,灰色文献和网站的文本中的信息构建结构化数据库。近年来,数字文本、计算资源和基于机器学习的语言模型的日益可用性导致了文本分析和自然语言处理(NLP)的革命。NLP在生物医学科学中被广泛采用,但很少用于生态学和进化生物学。应用文本挖掘和NLP的计算工具将提高数据合成的效率,提高文献综述的可重复性,正式分析研究偏见和知识差距,并促进生态学和进化生物学模式的数据驱动发现。在这里,我们介绍了生态学和进化的最新用例,并讨论了未来的应用,限制和伦理问题。
Ecology and evolutionary biology, like other scientific fields, are experiencing an exponential growth of academic manuscripts. As domain knowledge accumulates, scientists will need new computational approaches for identifying relevant literature to read and include in formal literature reviews and meta-analyses. Importantly, these approaches can also facilitate automated, large-scale data synthesis tasks and build structured databases from the information in the texts of primary journal articles, books, grey literature, and websites. The increasing availability of digital text, computational resources, and machine-learning based language models have led to a revolution in text analysis and natural language processing (NLP) in recent years. NLP has been widely adopted across the biomedical sciences but is rarely used in ecology and evolutionary biology. Applying computational tools from text mining and NLP will increase the efficiency of data synthesis, improve the reproducibility of literature reviews, formalize analyses of research biases and knowledge gaps, and promote data-driven discovery of patterns across ecology and evolutionary biology. Here we present recent use cases from ecology and evolution, and discuss future applications, limitations and ethical issues.
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