Psychosocial Effects on US Government Personnel of Exposure to the 1998 Terrorist Attack on the US Embassy in Nairobi.
Psychosocial Effects on US Government Personnel of Exposure to the 1998 Terrorist Attack on the US Embassy in Nairobi.
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DOI：
10.1080/00332747.2021.1907931
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
North CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raitt JM;Thielman SB;Pfefferbaum B;Narayanan P;North CS
政府外交人员遭受重大恐怖袭击的心理健康影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究探讨了1998年美国驻肯尼亚内罗毕大使馆恐怖爆炸事件对暴露于爆炸事件的美国政府人员的精神和社会心理影响。在爆炸发生后的8-10个月，179名美国政府雇员（53名美国人，126名肯尼亚人，53%男性，平均年龄=40.6岁，标准差=8.4岁，范围21-65岁）采用DSM-IV的诊断性访谈时间表进行评估，用于灾害相关的精神病诊断，并采用灾害补充访谈和问卷调查，了解他们的直接灾害经历，主观反应，心理健康干预/治疗、安全认知和应对。大约三分之一（32%）的美国政府人员在灾难后出现精神障碍，其中大部分是与爆炸有关的PTSD（20%），但很少有人接受精神治疗。所有灾后精神障碍的患病率，包括爆炸相关的PTSD，在美国人和肯尼亚人的亚组之间相似，尽管肯尼亚人报告了更多的直接灾难创伤暴露，主观灾后痛苦和创伤后应激症状。这些美国政府人员在内罗毕爆炸事件中的精神病后果比他们以前研究的平民同行要少。可能的解释因素，在这些政府人员的灾后精神病理学的患病率较低的平民相比，选择更大的个人弹性为政府就业和污名为基础的心理健康需求在政府工作场所的漏报。污名是精神病治疗的一个潜在障碍，需要在政府工作场所加以解决。
The mental health effects of major terrorist attacks on diplomatic government personnel have not been well studied. This study examined the psychiatric and psychosocial effects of the 1998 terrorist bombing of the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, on US government personnel exposed to the bombing. At 8–10 months after the bombing, 179 US government employees (53 Americans, 126 Kenyans, 53% male, age mean=40.6 and SD=8.4 years ranging 21–65) were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV for disaster-related psychiatric diagnoses and the Disaster Supplement Interview and Questionnaire about their immediate disaster experiences, subjective responses, mental health interventions/treatment, safety perceptions, and coping. About one-third (32%) of these US government personnel developed postdisaster psychiatric disorders, mostly bombing-related PTSD (20%), but few received psychiatric treatment. Prevalence rates of all postdisaster psychiatric disorders, including bombing-related PTSD, were similar between subgroups of Americans and Kenyans, despite the Kenyans reporting more direct disaster trauma exposures, subjective postdisaster distress, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. These US government personnel had fewer psychiatric consequences of the Nairobi bombing than their previously studied civilian counterparts. Possible explanatory factors in the lower prevalence of postdisaster psychopathology in these government personnel compared to the civilians are selection for greater personal resilience for government employment and stigma-based underreporting of mental health needs in governmental workplaces. Stigma is a potential barrier to psychiatric treatment that needs to be addressed in government workplaces.
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