Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness.
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Silbersweig DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vago DR;Silbersweig DA
正念——作为一种状态、特征、过程、冥想类型和干预，已被证明对各种心理障碍以及一般的减压都是有益的。然而，在这一结构的运作和基本机制方面仍然缺乏清晰度。在这里，我们提供了一个综合的理论框架和基于系统的神经生物学模型来解释正念减少与自我加工相关的偏见并创造可持续健康心理的机制。正念是通过系统的心理训练来描述的，它可以发展元意识（自我意识），有效调节行为的能力（自我调节），以及超越自我关注需求和增加亲社会特征（自我超越）的自我与他人之间的积极关系。这种自我意识、调节和超越（S-ART）框架说明了一种意识到导致（并消除）扭曲或偏见的条件的方法。提出通过冥想发展S-ART，通过综合额顶叶控制网络调节自我指定和叙事自我网络。相关的知觉、认知、情绪和行为神经心理过程被强调为S-ART的支持机制，包括意图和动机、注意调节、情绪调节、消退和再巩固、亲社会、不依恋和去中心化。S-ART框架和神经生物学模型是基于我们对神经认知机制的不断加深的理解，经验文献，以及通过拆除特定的冥想练习来培养正念。拟议的框架将为未来冥想科学的研究提供信息，并针对心理障碍治疗方面的具体发展领域。
Mindfulness—as a state, trait, process, type of meditation, and intervention has proven to be beneficial across a diverse group of psychological disorders as well as for general stress reduction. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity in the operationalization of this construct, and underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an integrative theoretical framework and systems-based neurobiological model that explains the mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces biases related to self-processing and creates a sustainable healthy mind. Mindfulness is described through systematic mental training that develops meta-awareness (self-awareness), an ability to effectively modulate one's behavior (self-regulation), and a positive relationship between self and other that transcends self-focused needs and increases prosocial characteristics (self-transcendence). This framework of self-awareness, -regulation, and -transcendence (S-ART) illustrates a method for becoming aware of the conditions that cause (and remove) distortions or biases. The development of S-ART through meditation is proposed to modulate self-specifying and narrative self-networks through an integrative fronto-parietal control network. Relevant perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral neuropsychological processes are highlighted as supporting mechanisms for S-ART, including intention and motivation, attention regulation, emotion regulation, extinction and reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, and decentering. The S-ART framework and neurobiological model is based on our growing understanding of the mechanisms for neurocognition, empirical literature, and through dismantling the specific meditation practices thought to cultivate mindfulness. The proposed framework will inform future research in the contemplative sciences and target specific areas for development in the treatment of psychological disorders.
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