Cytosine methylation is a conserved epigenetic feature found throughout the phylum Platyhelminthes.
Cytosine methylation is a conserved epigenetic feature found throughout the phylum Platyhelminthes.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-14-462
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发表时间：
2013-07-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hoffmann KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geyer KK;Chalmers IW;Mackintosh N;Hirst JE;Geoghegan R;Badets M;Brophy PM;Brehm K;Hoffmann KF
扁形蠕虫门（扁形蠕虫）包含一个重要的双边生物群，对今天居住在地球上的人类和动物种群的许多衰弱和慢性传染病负责。除了它们在生物医学和兽医方面的相关性外，一些扁蛔虫也经常被用作理解组织再生和干细胞生物学的模型。因此，作为营养专门化、致病性或发育成熟基础的分子（遗传和表观遗传）特征可能是我们对这一重要后生动物群体继续研究的关键。事实上，与早期未能在寄生扁虫类群中检测到胞嘧啶或腺嘌呤甲基化证据的研究相反，我们的实验室最近确定了胞嘧啶甲基化在曼氏血吸虫产卵、卵子成熟和卵巢发育中的关键作用。因此，为了确定这种表观遗传修饰是否存在于其他物种中，或者是mansoni s.m anhelmini的新特征，我们同时使用寄生和非寄生代表对整个门的DNA甲基化机制成分和DNA甲基化标记进行了研究。首先，使用mansoni DNA甲基转移酶2 （SmDNMT2）和甲基- cpg结合域蛋白（SmMBD）作为查询序列，我们发现必需的DNA甲基化机制成分在整个门中都很好地保守。其次，利用分子（甲基化特异性扩增多态性，MSAP）和免疫学（酶联免疫吸附测定，ELISA）方法，我们证明了所有四个platy蠕虫类（Cestoda, monogeneia, Cestoda, Cestoda， MSAP）中的代表性物种（多房棘球绦虫，异种多瘤原口绦虫，血血吸虫，日本血吸虫，肝片吸虫和黑多球绦虫）。吸虫和“涡虫”)在它们的基因组区室中含有甲基化的胞嘧啶。总的来说，这些发现提供了第一个直接证据，证明在整个platyhelmintes中存在一个功能保守和酶活性的DNA甲基化系统。定义这种表观遗传特征如何在门内塑造表型多样性和发育代表了后生动物生物学的一个令人兴奋的新领域。
The phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) contains an important group of bilaterian organisms responsible for many debilitating and chronic infectious diseases of human and animal populations inhabiting the planet today. In addition to their biomedical and veterinary relevance, some platyhelminths are also frequently used models for understanding tissue regeneration and stem cell biology. Therefore, the molecular (genetic and epigenetic) characteristics that underlie trophic specialism, pathogenicity or developmental maturation are likely to be pivotal in our continued studies of this important metazoan group. Indeed, in contrast to earlier studies that failed to detect evidence of cytosine or adenine methylation in parasitic flatworm taxa, our laboratory has recently defined a critical role for cytosine methylation in Schistosoma mansoni oviposition, egg maturation and ovarian development. Thus, in order to identify whether this epigenetic modification features in other platyhelminth species or is a novelty of S. mansoni, we conducted a study simultaneously surveying for DNA methylation machinery components and DNA methylation marks throughout the phylum using both parasitic and non-parasitic representatives. Firstly, using both S. mansoni DNA methyltransferase 2 (SmDNMT2) and methyl-CpG binding domain protein (SmMBD) as query sequences, we illustrate that essential DNA methylation machinery components are well conserved throughout the phylum. Secondly, using both molecular (methylation specific amplification polymorphism, MSAP) and immunological (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, ELISA) methodologies, we demonstrate that representative species (Echinococcus multilocularis, Protopolystoma xenopodis, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Fasciola hepatica and Polycelis nigra) within all four platyhelminth classes (Cestoda, Monogenea, Trematoda and ‘Turbellaria’) contain methylated cytosines within their genome compartments. Collectively, these findings provide the first direct evidence for a functionally conserved and enzymatically active DNA methylation system throughout the Platyhelminthes. Defining how this epigenetic feature shapes phenotypic diversity and development within the phylum represents an exciting new area of metazoan biology.
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