Impact of introducing a minimum alcohol tax share in retail prices on alcohol-attributable mortality in the WHO European Region: A modelling study.
Impact of introducing a minimum alcohol tax share in retail prices on alcohol-attributable mortality in the WHO European Region: A modelling study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100325
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发表时间：
2022-04
影响因子：
20.9
通讯作者：
Rehm, Jurgen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Neufeld, Maria;Rovira, Pol;Ferreira-Borges, Carina;Kilian, Carolin;Sassi, Franco;Veryga, Aurelijus;Rehm, Jurgen
酒精使用及其负担是世卫组织欧洲区域最大的公共卫生挑战之一。提高酒精税是一项具有成本效益的“最佳购买”措施，以减少酒精消费，但其执行情况仍然参差不齐。本文件概述了该区域50个国家和次区域的现行税收结构，估计了它们对啤酒、葡萄酒和烈酒零售价格的征税比例，并量化了如果将这些税收比例提高到最低水平，每年可以避免的死亡人数。审查该地区酒精饮料的税收和平均零售价格的数据库和统计报告。负担能力是根据酒精价格计算的，并根据购买力的差异进行了调整。消费量变化和避免的死亡率模型假设两种情况。在情景1中，假设所有国家的最低消费税份额水平为饮料特定零售价格的25%。在情景2中，除了15%的最低消费税份额水平外，还假设每单位乙醇的最低零售价格是相同的，与酒精饮料无关（均衡）。对不同的价格弹性进行了敏感度分析。在该地区，酒精是非常便宜的，酒精税显然没有被充分利用作为一项公共卫生措施，平均只占葡萄酒、啤酒和烈酒零售价格的5.7%、14.0%和31.3%。与欧盟相比，该区域东部的税收份额更高，欧盟各国对葡萄酒没有消费税。在世卫组织欧洲区域（753，454，300名15岁以上居民），每年引入25%的最低税收份额（情景1）可避免40，033例（95% CI：38，054 - 46，097）死亡。如果实施15%的税收份额与均等化（情景2），可以避免132，906（95% CI：（124，691 - 151，674）例死亡。所有具有不同弹性的敏感性分析得出的结果接近主要分析的结果。与烟草税类似，增加酒精税应被视为旨在挽救生命的健康措施。许多国家对提高酒精税犹豫不决，但目前的结果表明，实行最低税率对健康有明显的好处。这项工作得到了国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所（1 R 01 AA 028224）和加拿大健康研究所、神经科学研究所、精神健康和成瘾研究所（SMN-13950）的支持。
Alcohol use and its burden constitute one of the largest public health challenges in the WHO European Region. Raising alcohol taxes is a cost-effective “best buy” measure to reduce alcohol consumption, but its implementation remains uneven. This paper provides an overview of existing tax structures in 50 countries and subregions of the Region, estimates their proportions of tax on retail prices of beer, wine, and spirits, and quantifies the number of deaths that could be averted annually if these tax shares were raised to a minimum level. Review of databases and statistical reports on taxes and mean retail prices of alcohol beverages in the Region. Affordability was calculated based on alcohol prices, adjusted for differences in purchasing power. Consumption changes and averted mortality were modelled assuming two scenarios. In Scenario 1, a minimum excise tax share level of 25% of the beverage-specific retail price was assumed for all countries. In Scenario 2, in addition to a minimum excise tax share level of 15% it was assumed that per unit of ethanol minimal retail prices were the same irrespective of alcoholic beverages (equalisation). Sensitivity analyses were conducted for different price elasticities. Alcohol is very affordable in the Region and alcohol taxes have clearly been under-utilized as a public health measure, constituting on average only 5·7%, 14·0% and 31·3% of the retail prices of wine, beer, and spirits, respectively. Tax shares were higher in the eastern part of the Region compared to the EU, where various countries did not have excise taxes on wine. Annually, the introduction of a minimum tax share of 25% (Scenario 1) could avert 40,033 (95% CI: 38,054-46,097) deaths in the WHO European Region (with 753,454,300 inhabitants older than 15 years of age). If a 15% tax share with equalisation were implemented (Scenario 2), 132,906 (95% CI: (124,691-151,674) deaths could be averted. All sensitivity analyses with different elasticities yielded outcomes close to those of the main analyses. Similar to tobacco taxes, increasing alcohol taxes should be considered to be a health-based measure aimed at saving lives. Many countries have hesitated to apply higher taxes to alcohol, but the present results show a clear health benefit as a result of implementing a minimum tax share. This work was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (1R01AA028224) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Neurosciences, and Mental Health and Addiction (SMN-13950).
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Rehm, Juergen;Neufeld, Maria;Room, Robin;Sornpaisarn, Bundit;Stelemekas, Mindaugas;Swahn, Monica H.;Lachenmeier, Dirk W.
通讯作者：
Lachenmeier, Dirk W.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Nelson, Jon P.
通讯作者：
Nelson, Jon P.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Anderson, Kym;Jensen, Hans G.
通讯作者：
Jensen, Hans G.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Chisholm, Dan;Moro, Daniela;Rehm, Juergen
通讯作者：
Rehm, Juergen
DOI：
10.1111/add.13757
发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rehm J;Gmel GE Sr;Gmel G;Hasan OSM;Imtiaz S;Popova S;Probst C;Roerecke M;Room R;Samokhvalov AV;Shield KD;Shuper PA
通讯作者：
Shuper PA