Integrated, Not Isolated: Defining Typological Proximity in an Integrated Multilingual Architecture.
Integrated, Not Isolated: Defining Typological Proximity in an Integrated Multilingual Architecture.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02212
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Reitter D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Putnam MT;Carlson M;Reitter D
从表面上看，双语和多种语言似乎是探索类型接近问题的理想环境。显而易见的直觉是，两种语言关系越密切，就越容易在一个头脑中实现这两种语言。这是本文采用的出发点，但我们立即遇到了一个困难，即绝大多数关于双语和多语言的认知、计算和语言学研究都表现出单语偏向(即，单语语法被用作双语语法输出的比较标准)。到目前为止，主要的问题集中在双语者如何在他们的两种语言之间平衡和转换，但我们从类型学的角度出发，将双语和多语系统作为一个整体来考虑。根据Hsin的初步建议，我们推测双语语法在双语思维中既不是孤立的，也不是(完全)相互联系的，而是作为综合的源语法存在的，并被共同的、组合的语法进一步缓解(Cook；Goldrick等人，；Putnam和Klosinski，)。在这里，我们设想这样的组合语法在并行、分布式和梯度体系结构中实现，该体系结构在共享的向量空间模型中实现，该模型通过常规化和降维来使用压缩。我们讨论了这种表征的出现及其在双语者心目中的作用。该结构旨在与计算认知结构中双语认知和记忆表征的实验结果相一致。
On the surface, bi- and multilingualism would seem to be an ideal context for exploring questions of typological proximity. The obvious intuition is that the more closely related two languages are, the easier it should be to implement the two languages in one mind. This is the starting point adopted here, but we immediately run into the difficulty that the overwhelming majority of cognitive, computational, and linguistic research on bi- and multilingualism exhibits a monolingual bias (i.e., where monolingual grammars are used as the standard of comparison for outputs from bilingual grammars). The primary questions so far have focused on how bilinguals balance and switch between their two languages, but our perspective on typology leads us to consider the nature of bi- and multi-lingual systems as a whole. Following an initial proposal from Hsin, we conjecture that bilingual grammars are neither isolated, nor (completely) conjoined with one another in the bilingual mind, but rather exist as integrated source grammars that are further mitigated by a common, combined grammar (Cook,; Goldrick et al.,; Putnam and Klosinski,). Here we conceive such a combined grammar in a parallel, distributed, and gradient architecture implemented in a shared vector-space model that employs compression through routinization and dimensionality reduction. We discuss the emergence of such representations and their function in the minds of bilinguals. This architecture aims to be consistent with empirical results on bilingual cognition and memory representations in computational cognitive architectures.
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