Sharpening Working Memory With Real-Time Electrophysiological Brain Signals: Which Neurofeedback Paradigms Work?
Sharpening Working Memory With Real-Time Electrophysiological Brain Signals: Which Neurofeedback Paradigms Work?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2022.780817
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Cerel-Suhl S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang Y;Jessee W;Hoyng S;Borhani S;Liu Z;Zhao X;Price LK;High W;Suhl J;Cerel-Suhl S
越来越多的证据支持这样一种观点，即最终的生物反馈是奖励感官愉悦（例如，增强的视觉清晰度）实时地传递到与期望的性能（例如，出色的记忆检索）相关联的神经回路。神经反馈是一种生物反馈，它使用实时感官奖励与特定表现相关的大脑活动（例如，准确和快速的回忆）。工作记忆是人类智力的重要组成部分。挑战在于我们目前对神经认知功能障碍的理解有限，以及真正实时闭环反馈的技术困难。在这里，我们回顾了真实的时间神经反馈的最新进展，以改善健康的年轻人和老年人的记忆训练。随着特定神经生理功能的神经标记物的新进展，神经反馈训练应该更好地针对单一频率方法，包括频率相互作用和事件相关电位。我们的综述证实了大多数研究中神经反馈训练在一定程度上改善记忆和认知的积极趋势。然而，培训通常需要数周，每周2-3次。我们回顾各种神经反馈奖励策略和结果的措施。在这种训练中，一个众所周知的问题是，有些人根本不会对神经反馈做出反应。因此，我们还回顾了心理因素的个体差异的文献，例如，安慰剂效应和所谓的“BCI文盲”（脑机接口文盲）。我们建议在神经反馈文献中使用神经调制敏感性或BCI不敏感性。未来的方向包括在轻度认知障碍，在非阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症人群中急需的研究，以及在休息和睡眠期间使用EEG特征进行神经反馈以增强记忆并作为敏感的结果测量。
Growing evidence supports the idea that the ultimate biofeedback is to reward sensory pleasure (e.g., enhanced visual clarity) in real-time to neural circuits that are associated with a desired performance, such as excellent memory retrieval. Neurofeedback is biofeedback that uses real-time sensory reward to brain activity associated with a certain performance (e.g., accurate and fast recall). Working memory is a key component of human intelligence. The challenges are in our current limited understanding of neurocognitive dysfunctions as well as in technical difficulties for closed-loop feedback in true real-time. Here we review recent advancements of real time neurofeedback to improve memory training in healthy young and older adults. With new advancements in neuromarkers of specific neurophysiological functions, neurofeedback training should be better targeted beyond a single frequency approach to include frequency interactions and event-related potentials. Our review confirms the positive trend that neurofeedback training mostly works to improve memory and cognition to some extent in most studies. Yet, the training typically takes multiple weeks with 2–3 sessions per week. We review various neurofeedback reward strategies and outcome measures. A well-known issue in such training is that some people simply do not respond to neurofeedback. Thus, we also review the literature of individual differences in psychological factors e.g., placebo effects and so-called “BCI illiteracy” (Brain Computer Interface illiteracy). We recommend the use of Neural modulation sensitivity or BCI insensitivity in the neurofeedback literature. Future directions include much needed research in mild cognitive impairment, in non-Alzheimer’s dementia populations, and neurofeedback using EEG features during resting and sleep for memory enhancement and as sensitive outcome measures.
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