Consent, Coercion, and Fraud in Human Trafficking Relationships

Consent, Coercion, and Fraud in Human Trafficking Relationships
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人口贩运关系中的同意、胁迫和欺诈

DOI:
10.1080/23322705.2021.2019529
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. Albanese J
S. Albanese J
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Albanese J

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将人口贩运仅仅视为受害者与犯罪者之间的问题,往往忽略了实际案例中的经验现实。“同意”、“胁迫”和“欺诈”是人口贩运的法律的定义的核心概念,但在某些情况下存在相互剥削,在另一些情况下存在“自我启动”。贩运者和受害者都可能会做出不值得羡慕的选择:要么在利润极其紧张的全球和当地经济中长时间工作、低工资,要么参与非法的、以现金为基础的企业。这篇文章使用了基于来自22个国家的3,500多名受害者和罪犯的第一手描述的已发表研究的访谈结果,展示了一幅不那么敌对的人口贩运图景。所介绍的情况仍然认识到有时会带来的野蛮行为,以及被剥削者遭受暴力威胁的保护有限,同时要求法律和政策制定者做出更细致的反应,致力于对人口贩运的个人、社会和经济动态做出反应。
The framing of human trafficking as exclusively a problem of victims versus offenders often misses the empirical realities found in actual cases. “Consent,” “coercion,” and “fraud” are central concepts to legal definitions of human trafficking, yet there is mutual exploitation in some cases and “self-initiation” in others. Both traffickers and victims can be found making unenviable choices between working long hours for low pay in grinding global and local economies where margins are impossibly tight, or participating in illicit, cash-based, businesses. Using interview findings from published studies based on more than 3,500 first-hand accounts from victims and offenders from 22 countries, this article presents a less adversarial picture of human trafficking. The picture presented remains cognizant of the brutality sometimes entailed and the limited protections from threat of violence endured by the exploited, while demanding a more nuanced response from law and policymakers committed to being responsive to the personal, social, and economic dynamics of human trafficking.
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