Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010).
Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010).
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失业和药物滥用：文献综述（1990-2010）。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Henkel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Henkel
本文总结了对1990年至2010年间发表的国际研究进行全面回顾的结果。研究的重点是失业者和就就者中药物使用/失调的普遍程度、药物滥用对失业的影响，反之亦然、失业对酒精/药物成瘾治疗和戒烟的影响，以及商业周期、失业率和药物使用之间的关系。调查这些问题的相关研究超过130项。主要结果如下：(1)危险酒精消费（与危险、狂欢和酗酒有关）在失业人群中更为普遍。他们也更有可能成为吸烟者、使用非法药物和处方药、酗酒和吸毒（滥用、依赖）。有问题的物质使用增加了失业的可能性，降低了找到并保住工作的机会。(3)失业是物质使用和随后发展为物质使用障碍的重要危险因素。然而，目前的研究只提供了有限的信息，说明哪些人更容易受到影响。(4)失业增加了酒精和药物成瘾治疗后复发的风险。(5)由于文献综述中观察到的结果好坏参半，失业与戒烟概率之间关系的确切性质尚不清楚。(6)饮酒和吸烟模式具有顺周期性。当经济衰退和失业率上升时，我们会看到两者都有所下降。相反，在青少年吸毒者中观察到反周期趋势。然而，这些研究并没有提供任何令人信服的或额外的关于失业者吸毒的信息。本文讨论了研究的优点、局限性和问题，提出了许多未来的研究问题，并概述了对政策制定者和从业者的重要启示，特别是在预防和职业促进和康复方面。
The current article summarizes the results of a comprehensive review of the international research published between 1990 and 2010. The research was focused on the prevalence of substance use/disorders among the unemployed and employed, the impact of substance abuse on unemployment and vice versa, the effect of unemployment on alcohol/ drug addiction treatment and smoking cessation, and the relationship between business cycle, unemployment rate and substance use. Over hundred-thirty relevant studies were identified investigating these issues. The main results are as follows: (1) Risky alcohol consumption (associated with hazardous, binge, and heavy drinking) is more prevalent among the unemployed. They are also more likely to be smokers, to use illicit and prescription drugs, and to have alcohol and drug disorders (abuse, dependence). (2) Problematic substance use increases the likelihood of unemployment and decreases the chance of finding and holding down a job. (3) Unemployment is a significant risk factor for substance use and the subsequent development of substance use disorders. However, the current research provides only limited information about which individuals are more likely to be affected. (4) Unemployment increases the risk of relapse after alcohol and drug addiction treatment. (5) The exact nature of the relationship between unemployment and the probability of smoking cessation remains unclear due to the mixed results observed in the literature review. (6) Drinking and smoking patterns appear to be procyclical. We see a decrease in both when the economy declines and the unemployment rate increases. In contrast, a countercyclical trend was observed amongst adolescent drug users. However, these studies do not provide any convincing or additional information about substance use amongst the unemployed. This paper discusses the merits, limitations and problems of the research, proposes numerous future research questions, and outlines important implications for policy makers and practitioners, especially with regard to prevention and vocational promotion and rehabilitation.
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影响因子：
6
作者：
Hasin, Deborah;Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.;Ogburn, Elizabeth
通讯作者：
Ogburn, Elizabeth
物质使用和早熟过渡到成人状态之间的相互关系。
影响因子：
5
作者：
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Perez,CM
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
The New Zealand medical journal.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Poulton,RG;Brooke,M;Moffitt,TE;Stanton,WR;Silva,PA
通讯作者：
Silva,PA
年轻人戒烟尝试和戒烟的前瞻性预测因素。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-6133.15.4.261
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rose,JS;Chassin,L;Presson,CC;Sherman,SJ
通讯作者：
Sherman,SJ
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Chen, PH;White, HR;Pandina, RJ
通讯作者：
Pandina, RJ