Mutant KRAS triggers functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer.

Mutant KRAS triggers functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer.
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突变的 KRAS 触发结直肠癌中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的功能重编程

DOI:
10.1038/s41392-021-00534-2
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发表时间:
2021-04-09
影响因子:
39.3
通讯作者:
Lan P
Lan P
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu H;Liang Z;Zhou C;Zeng Z;Wang F;Hu T;He X;Wu X;Wu X;Lan P

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致癌 KRAS 先前已被鉴定为以细胞内在方式发挥作用,调节结直肠癌 (CRC) 的多种生物学功能。在这里,我们证明了 KRAS 的细胞外在作用,其中 KRAS 通过肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (TAM) 的功能重编程来参与肿瘤微环境。在人类 CRC 样本中,突变的 KRAS 与 TAM 的存在呈正相关。肿瘤细胞中突变激活的 KRAS 通过肿瘤源性 CSF2 和乳酸的联合作用将巨噬细胞重新编程为 TAM 样表型。反过来,KRAS 重编程的巨噬细胞不仅能促进肿瘤进展,还能诱导肿瘤细胞对西妥昔单抗治疗产生耐药性。从机制上讲,KRAS 通过稳定缺氧诱导因子 1α (HIF-1α)(一种控制 CSF2 和糖酵解基因表达的转录因子)来驱动肿瘤细胞中 CSF2 和乳酸的产生。突变的 KRAS 增加了活性氧的产生,活性氧是脯氨酰羟化酶活性的抑制剂,可降低 HIF-1α 羟基化,从而增强 HIF-1α 稳定性。这种细胞外在机制使 KRAS 在设计促进肿瘤恶性的微环境中发挥着关键作用,并可能为针对突变 KRAS 肿瘤的潜在治疗防御策略提供新的见解。
Oncogenic KRAS has been previously identified to act in a cell-intrinsic manner to modulate multiple biological functions of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we demonstrate a cell-extrinsic role of KRAS, where KRAS engages with the tumor microenvironment by functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In human CRC specimens, mutant KRAS positively correlates with the presence of TAMs. Mutationally activated KRAS in tumor cells reprograms macrophages to a TAM-like phenotype via a combination effect of tumor-derived CSF2 and lactate. In turn, KRAS-reprogrammed macrophages were shown to not only promote tumor progression but also induce the resistance of tumor cells to cetuximab therapy. Mechanistically, KRAS drives the production of CSF2 and lactate in tumor cells by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor that controls the expression of CSF2 and glycolytic genes. Mutant KRAS increased the production of reactive oxygen species, an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase activity which decreases HIF-1α hydroxylation, leading to enhanced HIF-1α stabilization. This cell-extrinsic mechanism awards KRAS a critical role in engineering a permissive microenvironment to promote tumor malignancy, and may present new insights on potential therapeutic defense strategies against mutant KRAS tumors.
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