Ancient crested penguin constrains timing of recruitment into seabird hotspot

Ancient crested penguin constrains timing of recruitment into seabird hotspot
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古代冠企鹅限制了海鸟热点地区的招募时间

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2020.1497
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ksepka, Daniel T.
Ksepka, Daniel T.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Thomas, Daniel B.;Tennyson, Alan J.;Scofield, R. Paul;Heath, Tracy A.;Pett, Walker;Ksepka, Daniel T.

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新西兰是海鸟多样性的全球重要热点,但大多数海鸟谱系的稀疏化石记录阻碍了我们对这个热点如何以及何时发展的理解。在这里,我们描述了多个保存完好的标本,一个新的企鹅物种,从严格的日期(3.36-3.06马)上新世存款在新西兰。贝叶斯和简约分析将Eudyptes atatusp。nov.是冠企鹅属所有现存和最近灭绝的成员的姐妹种。与其他Eudyptespenguins相比,新物种的上喙和下颌骨明显更细长。我们的综合证据的方法表明,深法案在上新世的冠毛和硬尾企鹅(Pygoscelis)的演变。在企鹅6000多万年的进化史中,这种深喙出现得如此之晚,这表明,当风驱动的上新世上升流从根本上重建了南大洋生态系统时,可能发生了饮食变化。使用BioGeoBEARS的祖先区域重建将新西兰确定为全群企鹅、冠企鹅和冠企鹅最有可能的祖先区域。我们的分析提供了一个时间表招聘冠企鹅到新西兰鸟类区系,表明这一过程开始于晚第三纪,并通过多波殖民血统完成。
New Zealand is a globally significant hotspot for seabird diversity, but the sparse fossil record for most seabird lineages has impeded our understanding of how and when this hotspot developed. Here, we describe multiple exceptionally well-preserved specimens of a new species of penguin from tightly dated (3.36–3.06 Ma) Pliocene deposits in New Zealand. Bayesian and parsimony analyses placeEudyptes atatusp. nov. as the sister species to all extant and recently extinct members of the crested penguin genusEudyptes. The new species has a markedly more slender upper beak and mandible compared with otherEudyptespenguins. Our combined evidence approach reveals that deep bills evolved in both crested and stiff-tailed penguins (Pygoscelis) during the Pliocene. That deep bills arose so late in the greater than 60 million year evolutionary history of penguins suggests that dietary shifts may have occurred as wind-driven Pliocene upwelling radically restructured southern ocean ecosystems. Ancestral area reconstructions using BioGeoBEARS identify New Zealand as the most likely ancestral area for total-group penguins, crown penguins and crested penguins. Our analyses provide a timeframe for recruitment of crown penguins into the New Zealand avifauna, indicating this process began in the late Neogene and was completed via multiple waves of colonizing lineages.
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