Structure of the nutrient-sensing hub GATOR2.

Structure of the nutrient-sensing hub GATOR2.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-022-04939-z
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发表时间:
2022-07
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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雷帕霉素复合体1 (mTORC1)的机制靶点通过调节合成代谢和分解代谢过程来控制生长,以响应环境因素,包括营养物质。氨基酸通过Rag gtpase向mTORC1发出信号,Rag gtpase受几种蛋白质复合物(包括GATOR1和GATOR2)的调节。GATOR2具有5个组分(WDR24, MIOS, WDR59, SEH1L, SEC13),是氨基酸激活mTORC1所必需的,并分别与亮氨酸和精氨酸传感器Sestrin2和CASTOR1相互作用。尽管GATOR2在营养感知中起着核心作用,但由于其亚基化学计量、生化功能和结构尚不清楚,GATOR2仍然是一个谜。在这里,我们使用电子低温显微镜来确定人类GATOR2复合体的三维结构。我们发现GATOR2采用了一个大的(1.1 MDa)、双重对称的笼状结构,由一个八角形支架支撑,并装饰有8对WD40 β-螺旋桨。该支架包含两个WDR24,四个MIOS和两个WDR59亚基,通过两种不同类型的连接循环,涉及非催化环结构域和α-螺线管。通过β-螺旋桨叶片捐赠将SEH1L和SEC13整合到支架中,稳定了GATOR2复合物,揭示了其与核孔和膜涂层复合物的进化关系。支架定位WD40 β-螺旋桨二聚体,介导与Sestrin2、CASTOR1和GATOR1的相互作用。我们的工作揭示了营养传感机制的一个重要组成部分的结构,并为理解mTORC1通路中的GATOR2功能提供了基础。
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls growth by regulating anabolic and catabolic processes in response to environmental cues, including nutrients. Amino acids signal to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases, which are regulated by several protein complexes, including GATOR1 and GATOR2. GATOR2, which has five components (WDR24, MIOS, WDR59, SEH1L, SEC13), is required for amino acids to activate mTORC1 and interacts with the leucine and arginine sensors Sestrin2 and CASTOR1, respectively. Despite this central role in nutrient sensing, GATOR2 remains mysterious as its subunit stoichiometry, biochemical function, and structure are unknown. Here, we used electron cryomicroscopy to determine the three-dimensional structure of the human GATOR2 complex. We find that GATOR2 adopts a large (1.1 MDa), two-fold symmetric, cage-like architecture, supported by an octagonal scaffold and decorated with eight pairs of WD40 β-propellers. The scaffold contains two WDR24, four MIOS, and two WDR59 subunits circularized via two distinct types of junctions involving non-catalytic RING domains and α-solenoids. Integration of SEH1L and SEC13 into the scaffold through β-propeller blade donation stabilizes the GATOR2 complex and reveals an evolutionary relationship to the nuclear pore and membrane coating complexes. The scaffold orients the WD40 β-propeller dimers, which mediate interactions with Sestrin2, CASTOR1, and GATOR1. Our work reveals the structure of an essential component of the nutrient sensing machinery and provides a foundation for understanding GATOR2 function within the mTORC1 pathway.
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