Many rivers to cross: the journey of zinc from soil to seed.
Many rivers to cross: the journey of zinc from soil to seed.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2014.00030
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Palmgren MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olsen LI;Palmgren MG
微量营养素生物强化的一个重要目标是提高可食用谷物种子，特别是胚乳中生物可利用锌的含量。锌是如何通过母株从土壤转运到发育中的种子的，这幅图景开始浮现。在这个过程中，锌通过多个外胞体空间从共质体转运到共质体。在每个步骤中，锌在再次输出之前被导入到共质体中。锌的细胞进出口需要通过生物膜，这使得锌的膜结合转运体作为潜在的运输瓶颈特别有趣。在细胞内，锌可以通过其他转运体输入或输出细胞器。几种膜蛋白参与锌在细胞质、叶绿体或质膜上的转运的功能目前是已知的。这些包括ZIP （zrt - irt样蛋白）、MTP（金属耐受蛋白）和重金属atp酶（HMA）家族的成员。在运输过程中一个重要的参与者是配体烟胺，它结合锌增加其在活细胞中的溶解度，并以这种方式缓冲细胞内锌浓度。
An important goal of micronutrient biofortification is to enhance the amount of bioavailable zinc in the edible seed of cereals and more specifically in the endosperm. The picture is starting to emerge for how zinc is translocated from the soil through the mother plant to the developing seed. On this journey, zinc is transported from symplast to symplast via multiple apoplastic spaces. During each step, zinc is imported into a symplast before it is exported again. Cellular import and export of zinc requires passage through biological membranes, which makes membrane-bound transporters of zinc especially interesting as potential transport bottlenecks. Inside the cell, zinc can be imported into or exported out of organelles by other transporters. The function of several membrane proteins involved in the transport of zinc across the tonoplast, chloroplast or plasma membranes are currently known. These include members of the ZIP (ZRT-IRT-like Protein), and MTP (Metal Tolerance Protein) and heavy metal ATPase (HMA) families. An important player in the transport process is the ligand nicotianamine that binds zinc to increase its solubility in living cells and in this way buffers the intracellular zinc concentration.
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