Elucidating the acid-base mechanisms underlying otolith overgrowth in fish exposed to ocean acidification
Elucidating the acid-base mechanisms underlying otolith overgrowth in fish exposed to ocean acidification
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阐明暴露于海洋酸化的鱼类耳石过度生长的酸碱机制
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153690
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Tresguerres, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwan, Garfield T.;Tresguerres, Martin
十多年前，据报道，海洋酸化（OA）暴露会导致硬骨鱼耳石过度生长。这种现象随后在多个物种中得到证实；然而，潜在的生理原因仍然未知。在这里，我们报告说，暴露于约 1600 μatmpCO2（pH 约 7.5）的裂鼻石斑鱼（Sebastes dialloproa）能够完全调节血液和内淋巴（内耳内耳石周围的液体）的 pH 值。然而，虽然血液的 pH 值调节在 7.80 左右，但内淋巴的 pH 值调节在 ~8.30 左右。这些不同的 pH 设定点导致 pCO2 扩散到内淋巴中，进而导致内淋巴 [HCO3−] 和 [CO32−] 成比例增加。尽管 pCO2 增加，但内淋巴 pH 调节表明 H+ 去除增强。然而，内耳体积和细胞特异性 Na+/K+-ATP 酶和液泡型 H+-ATP 酶蛋白丰度定位缺乏差异，表明预先存在的 ATP 酶的激活、非碳酸氢盐 pH 缓冲或两者兼而有之，作为内淋巴 pH 调节的机制。这些结果提供了第一个直接证据，表明暴露于 OA 的鱼类内淋巴的酸碱化学有利于耳石过度生长，并表明这种现象在具有更强大的血液和内淋巴 pH 调节机制的物种中更为明显。
Over a decade ago, ocean acidification (OA) exposure was reported to induce otolith overgrowth in teleost fish. This phenomenon was subsequently confirmed in multiple species; however, the underlying physiological causes remain unknown. Here, we report that splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa)exposed to ~1600 μatmpCO2(pH ~7.5) were able to fully regulated the pH of both blood and endolymph (the fluid that surrounds the otolith within the inner ear). However, while blood was regulated around pH 7.80, the endolymph was regulated around pH ~8.30. These different pH setpoints result in increasedpCO2diffusion into the endolymph, which in turn leads to proportional increases in endolymph [HCO3−] and [CO32−]. Endolymph pH regulation despite the increasedpCO2suggests enhanced H+removal. However, a lack of differences in inner ear bulk and cell-specific Na+/K+-ATPase and vacuolar type H+-ATPase protein abundance localization pointed out to activation of preexisting ATPases, non-bicarbonate pH buffering, or both, as the mechanism for endolymph pH-regulation. These results provide the first direct evidence showcasing the acid-base chemistry of the endolymph of OA-exposed fish favors otolith overgrowth, and suggests that this phenomenon will be more pronounced in species that count with more robust blood and endolymph pH regulatory mechanisms.
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