Infection dynamics and persistence of hepatitis E virus on pig farms - a review.
Infection dynamics and persistence of hepatitis E virus on pig farms - a review.
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猪场戊型肝炎病毒的感染动态和持久性综述。
DOI：
10.1186/s40813-021-00189-z
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发表时间：
2021-02-05
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
van der Poel WHM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meester M;Tobias TJ;Bouwknegt M;Kusters NE;Stegeman JA;van der Poel WHM
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型3和4是一种引起人类肝炎的人畜共患病。人类可以通过食用猪肉或与猪接触而感染。猪是世界范围内该病毒的主要宿主，大多数猪场都存在该病毒。虽然大多数农场都存在戊型肝炎病毒，但屠宰时受感染猪的比例以及消费者的暴露水平在农场和国家之间存在差异。了解这种差异的原因是必要的，以安装有效的措施，以降低猪在屠宰戊型肝炎病毒。在这里，戊型肝炎病毒的研究进行了审查，包括猪和农场的戊型肝炎病毒的感染动力学，戊型肝炎病毒农场流行的危险因素，并描述了机制和来源，可以产生持久性的农场。大多数猪在母体免疫力减弱后感染，在哺乳期结束或育肥期开始时。增加农场高流行率或活动性感染屠宰猪比例可能性的风险因素包括农场人口统计学、内部和外部生物安全性和免疫调节性合并感染等因素。由于高传播率和易感猪的不断涌入，HEV在农场的持续存在是合理的。增强HEV持久性的环境来源是受污染的粪肥储存、水和污染物。由于戊型肝炎病毒在大多数猪场持续存在，目前的风险缓解措施应侧重于降低猪场内的传播，特别是猪场之间的传播。然而，人们应该意识到一个矛盾，即通过不充分地减少传播来增加屠宰时活跃感染猪的比例。猪的疫苗接种可能有助于未来的HEV控制。
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 and 4 is a zoonosis that causes hepatitis in humans. Humans can become infected by consumption of pork or contact with pigs. Pigs are the main reservoir of the virus worldwide and the virus is present on most pig farms. Though HEV is present on most farms, the proportion of infected pigs at slaughter and thus the level of exposure to consumers differs between farms and countries. Understanding the cause of that difference is necessary to install effective measures to lower HEV in pigs at slaughter. Here, HEV studies are reviewed that include infection dynamics of HEV in pigs and on farms, risk factors for HEV farm prevalence, and that describe mechanisms and sources that could generate persistence on farms. Most pigs become infected after maternal immunity has waned, at the end of the nursing or beginning of the fattening phase. Risk factors increasing the likelihood of a high farm prevalence or proportion of actively infected slaughter pigs comprise of factors such as farm demographics, internal and external biosecurity and immunomodulating coinfections. On-farm persistence of HEV is plausible, because of a high transmission rate and a constant influx of susceptible pigs. Environmental sources of HEV that enhance persistence are contaminated manure storages, water and fomites. As HEV is persistently present on most pig farms, current risk mitigation should focus on lowering transmission within farms, especially between farm compartments. Yet, one should be aware of the paradox of increasing the proportion of actively infected pigs at slaughter by reducing transmission insufficiently. Vaccination of pigs may aid HEV control in the future.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1705446114
发表时间：
2017-07-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Cao, Dianjun;Cao, Qian M.;Meng, Xiang-Jin
通讯作者：
Meng, Xiang-Jin
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Bouwknegt, Martijn;Teunis, Peter F. M.;Husman, Ana Maria de Roda
通讯作者：
Husman, Ana Maria de Roda
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Colson, P.;St-Jacques, P.;Davoust, B.
通讯作者：
Davoust, B.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Fenaux, H.;Chassaing, M.;Schvoerer, E.
通讯作者：
Schvoerer, E.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
de Oliveira-Filho, Edmilson F.;Lopes, Kennya G. S.;Gil, Laura H. V. G.
通讯作者：
Gil, Laura H. V. G.