When a lie becomes the truth: The effects of self‐generated misinformation on eyewitness memory
When a lie becomes the truth: The effects of self‐generated misinformation on eyewitness memory
复制标题
当谎言变成真相：自我产生的错误信息对目击者记忆的影响
作者：
K. Pickel
本研究探讨了产生错误信息是否会损害对实际信息的记忆。在观看了一段抢劫录像后，一些目击者接受了采访，但其他人没有排练事件的细节。一周后，目击者试图回忆起抢劫犯的外貌。在实验1中，那些在采访中编造抢劫者描述的人和那些没有排练的人比真实的证人或那些编造另一个人的人记住的正确细节要少。编造抢劫犯的证人也比真实或未接受采访的证人报告了更多不正确的细节。在实验2中，那些编造抢劫犯的目击者在记忆测试中的表现与那些使用为他们准备的虚假信息回答采访问题的目击者一样糟糕。在这两个实验中，欺骗性的证人有时会在记忆测试中报告虚构的细节，这表明他们可能已经相信了一些捏造的东西。
This research investigated whether generating misinformation impairs memory for actual information. After watching a videotaped robbery, some witnesses were interviewed about it, but others did not rehearse the event details. One week later, the witnesses tried to remember the robber's appearance. In Experiment 1, those who fabricated a description of the robber during the interview and those who did not rehearse remembered fewer correct details than did truthful witnesses or those who fabricated about another person. Witnesses who fabricated about the robber also reported more incorrect details than did truthful or non‐interviewed witnesses. In Experiment 2, witnesses who fabricated about the robber performed as poorly on the memory test as did witnesses who answered interview questions using false information prepared for them. In both experiments deceptive witnesses sometimes reported invented details on the memory test, suggesting that they may have come to believe some fabrications.
来源错误归因和目击者记忆的暗示性。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.20.4.934
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zaragoza,MS;Lane,SM
通讯作者：
Lane,SM
误导性事后信息的影响：错误信息的干扰和接受。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.118.1.72
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子：
--
作者：
Belli,RF
通讯作者：
Belli,RF
引发密码记忆症：拼图任务中无意识的抄袭。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.19.3.673
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Marsh,RL;Bower,GH
通讯作者：
Bower,GH