Developmental plasticity research in evolution and human health: Response to commentaries.
Developmental plasticity research in evolution and human health: Response to commentaries.
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DOI：
10.1093/emph/eoy007
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Alberts SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lea AJ;Tung J;Archie EA;Alberts SC
我们感谢评论者对我们评论的深思熟虑的阅读。我们的主要目标是提请注意发育可塑性研究在进化和健康相关领域的平行意义，并强调解决悬而未决的问题所带来的共同收益。通过这样做，我们希望激发对多学科方法来理解发育可塑性的兴奋，并强调进化研究可以为人类健康研究人员提供重要问题，反之亦然。我们的回应集中在三个主题上，这些主题被不同的评论者以不同的方式触及。首先，威尔斯，米歇尔斯和久泽都讨论了早期生活的环境影响和父母的作用的时间，一起提出了几个关键点的讨论：（一）什么是“早期生活”的定义？(ii)在生命的早期，什么时候可塑性最强？以及（iii）父母在多大程度上缓冲或调解生态压力对后代的影响？第二，米歇尔斯和瓦特夫的评论突出了一个共同的误解，提出了两组模型来解释发育可塑性，即预测模型认为发育可塑性作为一种适应，而约束模型没有。我们现在澄清，这两类模型都认为发育可塑性是适应性的，并通过自然选择进化而来。下面我们讨论这个未被重视的观点;进一步，我们解决了Watve提出的对这些假设的常见测试的批评。第三，Kirchengast强调了发育可塑性在人类生活史特征变异中的作用。在这样做时，她指出人类和非人类哺乳动物表现出巨大的生活史差异，这引发了人们对
We are grateful to the commenters for their thoughtful reading of our review. Our main goals were to draw attention to the parallel significance of developmental plasticity research in evolutionary and health-related fields, and to highlight shared gains that would result from addressing outstanding questions. In doing so, we hoped to spark excitement about multi-disciplinary approaches to understanding developmental plasticity, and to emphasize that evolutionary research can inform questions of import to human health researchers and vice versa. We focus our response on three themes that were touched on in different ways by different commenters. First, Wells, Michels and Kuzawa all discuss the timing of early life environmental effects and the role of parents, together raising several key points for discussion:(i) What is the definition of ‘early life’?(ii) When in early life is plasticity greatest? and (iii)To what degree do parents buffer or mediate the impact of ecological stressors on their offspring? Second, the comments of Michels and Watve highlight a common misconception about the two groups of models proposed to explain developmental plasticity, namely that predictive models view developmental plasticity as an adaptation, while constraints models do not. We now clarify that both classes of models posit that developmental plasticity is adaptive and has evolved through natural selection. Below we discuss this underappreciated point; further, we address criticisms of common tests of these hypotheses brought up by Watve. Third, Kirchengast emphasizes the role of developmental plasticity in generating variation in human life history traits. In doing so, she points out that human and non-human mammals exhibit dramatic life history differences, which calls into question the
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