A genome-wide analysis of antimicrobial effector genes and their transcription patterns in Manduca sexta.
A genome-wide analysis of antimicrobial effector genes and their transcription patterns in Manduca sexta.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.01.015
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Jiang, Haobo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Yan;Cao, Xiaolong;Li, Kai;Hu, Yingxia;Chen, Yun-ru;Blissard, Gary;Kanost, Michael R.;Jiang, Haobo
关键词：
抗菌蛋白/抗菌肽（Antimicrobial Proteins/Peptides，AMP）是多细胞生物体中天然免疫系统对抗病原体感染的效应物。迄今为止报道的AMP中有一半以上来自昆虫，这些效应物共同作用以抑制或杀死细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫。在这项工作中，我们已经确定了86 AMP基因在天蛾基因组中，其中大部分似乎是功能。它们编码15种天蚕抗菌肽、6种莫雷菌素、6种防御素、3种加来霉素、4种X-tox剪接变体、14种滞育素、15种乳清酸性蛋白同系物、11种附着素、1种格洛弗蛋白、4种lebocin、6种溶菌酶相关蛋白和4种转铁蛋白。这些基因中的一些（例如attacins，cecropins）构成了大的簇，可能是在多轮基因复制后产生的。我们比较了M. sexta AMP与其他昆虫中的同源物，以揭示保守的结构特征和系统发育关系。表达数据表明，其中许多在脂肪体和中肠在幼虫-蛹蜕皮期间合成。某些基因在其启动子区含有一个或多个预测的κ B结合位点和其他调控元件，这可能是免疫攻击后脂肪体和血细胞中mRNA水平显著增加的原因。与这些强烈的mRNA增加一致，许多AMP在攻击后24小时在幼虫血浆中变得高度丰富，如我们先前的肽组研究所示。总之，这些数据表明在M. sexta，其表达通过免疫信号通路上调，以协调的方式对抗入侵的病原体。
Antimicrobial proteins/peptides (AMPs) are effectors of innate immune systems against pathogen infection in multicellular organisms. Over half of the AMPs reported so far come from insects, and these effectors act in concert to suppress or kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. In this work, we have identified 86 AMP genes in the Manduca sexta genome, most of which seem likely to be functional. They encode 15 cecropins, 6 moricins, 6 defensins, 3 gallerimycins, 4 X-tox splicing variants, 14 diapausins, 15 whey acidic protein homologs, 11 attacins, 1 gloverin, 4 lebocins, 6 lysozyme-related proteins, and 4 transferrins. Some of these genes (e.g. attacins, cecropins) constitute large clusters, likely arising after rounds of gene duplication. We compared the amino acid sequences of M. sexta AMPs with their homologs in other insects to reveal conserved structural features and phylogenetic relationships. Expression data showed that many of them are synthesized in fat body and midgut during the larval-pupal molt. Certain genes contain one or more predicted κB binding sites and other regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which may account for the dramatic mRNA level increases in fat body and hemocytes after an immune challenge. Consistent with these strong mRNA increases, many AMPs become highly abundant in the larval plasma at 24 h after the challenge, as demonstrated in our previous peptidomic study. Taken together, these data suggest the existence of a large repertoire of AMPs in M. sexta, whose expression is up-regulated via immune signaling pathways to fight off invading pathogens in a coordinated manner.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
HARA, S;YAMAKAWA, M
通讯作者：
YAMAKAWA, M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.261573998
发表时间：
2001-12-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Irving, P;Troxler, L;Hetru, C
通讯作者：
Hetru, C
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
GRUTTER, MG;FENDRICH, G;BODE, W
通讯作者：
BODE, W
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Christophides, GK;Zdobnov, E;Kafatos, FC
通讯作者：
Kafatos, FC
DOI：
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00614.x
发表时间：
1997-07-15
期刊：
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Axen, A;Carlsson, A;Bennich, H
通讯作者：
Bennich, H