Functional anatomy of cognitive development
Functional anatomy of cognitive development
复制标题
认知发展的功能解剖
作者：
W. Gaillard;L. Hertz;S. Mott;A. Barnett;D. LeBihan;W. Theodore
目的：通过功能性 MRI (fMRI) 识别言语流利度的年龄依赖性激活模式。背景：很少有针对儿童的功能磁共振成像语言研究，也没有提供与成人研究的比较数据。规范数据对于解释癫痫患者的类似研究非常重要。方法：共有 10 名正常儿童（5 名男孩，5 名女孩；平均年龄，10.7 岁；范围，8.1 至 13.1 岁）和 10 名正常成人（5 名男性，5 名女性；平均年龄，28.7 岁；范围，19.3 至 48 岁）在 1.5-T Signa MRI 扫描仪上进行研究，使用额叶的 BOLD 回波平面成像，采用言语流利范式、隐蔽单词生成到字母。使用互相关算法（r = 0.7）对研究进行分析。感兴趣区域分析用于确定大脑激活的程度、幅度和偏侧性。结果：儿童和成人激活相似的区域，主要是左下额叶皮层（布罗卡区）和左额中回（背外侧前额叶皮层）。儿童的激活程度平均比成人高 60%，并且有激活幅度更大的趋势。儿童的右半球和额下回的激活程度也明显高于成人。结论：在言语流畅性测试中，儿童比成人更广泛地激活皮层，但流畅性的激活模式似乎是在童年中期建立的。因此，使用语言流畅性范式的功能性 MRI 可应用于儿科患者群体，以确定前脑区域的语言优势。在儿童中发现的更大的激活，包括右额下回，可能反映了神经网络持续组织的发育可塑性，而神经网络是语言能力的基础。
Objective: To identify age-dependent activation patterns of verbal fluency with functional MRI (fMRI). Background: Few fMRI language studies have been performed in children, and none provide comparison data to adult studies. Normative data are important for interpretation of similar studies in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A total of 10 normal children (5 boys, 5 girls; mean age, 10.7 years; range, 8.1 to 13.1 years) and 10 normal adults (5 men, 5 women; mean age, 28.7 years; range, 19.3 to 48 years) were studied on a 1.5-T Signa MRI scanner using BOLD echo planar imaging of the frontal lobes with a verbal fluency paradigm, covert word generation to letters. Studies were analyzed with a cross-correlation algorithm (r = 0.7). A region-of-interest analysis was used to determine the extent, magnitude, and laterality of brain activation. Results: Children and adults activated similar regions, predominantly in left inferior frontal cortex (Broca’s area) and left middle frontal gyrus (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Children had, on average, 60% greater extent of activation than adults, with a trend for greater magnitude of activation. Children also had significantly more right hemisphere and inferior frontal gyrus activation than adults. Conclusions: In a test of verbal fluency, children tended to activate cortex more widely than adults, but activation patterns for fluency appear to be established by middle childhood. Thus, functional MRI using verbal fluency paradigms may be applied to pediatric patient populations for determining language dominance in anterior brain regions. The greater activation found in children, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, may reflect developmental plasticity for the ongoing organization of neural networks, which underlie language capacity.
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语言在皮层中的位置：功能性磁共振成像和皮层电刺激之间的比较。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
FitzGerald,DB;Cosgrove,GR;Ronner,S;Jiang,H;Buchbinder,BR;Belliveau,JW;Rosen,BR;Benson,RR
通讯作者：
Benson,RR
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
OJEMANN, G;OJEMANN, J;BERGER, M
通讯作者：
BERGER, M
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
RAICHLE, ME;FIEZ, JA;PETERSEN, SE
通讯作者：
PETERSEN, SE
影响因子：
--
作者：
BINDER, JR;RAO, SM;HYDE, JS
通讯作者：
HYDE, JS
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
BOURGEOIS, JP;GOLDMANRAKIC, PS;RAKIC, P
通讯作者：
RAKIC, P